The invention discloses a sampling and sample preparation system for a cross-double rail train. The system is characterized by comprising lifting devices sampling trolley buses, sampling motors, an operating room, electromotors, a transverse support frame, vertical support frames, crushers, a PLC controller and dividers, the middle portion of the transverse support frame is provided with the operating room, the two ends of the transverse frame are slidably provided with the sampling trolley buses, the crushers are arranged on the lower portion of the sampling trolley buses, the dividers are arranged on the lower portion of the crushers, and sample collectors are arranged on the lower portion of the dividers; when sampling is carried out on the double-rail train, the sampling requirements of a large quantity of raw materials are met, the processes of sampling and sample preparation are performed separately for centralized management, the sampling speed is quick, the arrangement of a roller press and drying device can meet different requirements of sample preparation, the practicability is improved, when a sampling machine samples, the relative speed between a sampling machine and atrain carriage is zero, and no relative displacement occurs to cause the damage of the sampling machine; the servo performance is strong, and the protection function is strong.