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This invention belongs to the field of biomedical materials technology, specifically relating to an oxidized hyaluronic acid / carboxymethyl chitosan hemostatic sponge and its preparation method. The preparation method includes: oxidizing hyaluronic acid with sodium periodate to obtain oxidized hyaluronic acid; preparing aqueous solutions of oxidized hyaluronic acid and carboxymethyl chitosan; mixing the two solutions and forming a hydrogel through a Schiff base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups; cryogelatinizing the hydrogel at low temperature and then freeze-drying it under vacuum to obtain an expandable hemostatic sponge with a three-dimensional interconnected porous structure. Upon contact with blood, the sponge of this invention rapidly absorbs water and expands, increasing in volume by more than three times, forming a tight physical seal. Simultaneously, it adsorbs and activates platelets to accelerate coagulation, achieving highly efficient hemostasis. This sponge exhibits excellent biocompatibility, is completely degradable in vivo, and the preparation process is mild and requires no toxic cross-linking agents. It can be used for rapid hemostasis of deep, irregular, and non-compressible bleeding wounds.