546 results about "Acidification - Treatment" patented technology

The invention relates to a method for preparing carbon nanofibers. The method comprises the following steps: taking a polyacrylonitrile solution or an acrylonitrile copolymer solution or melt as materials, preparing nanofibers by the electrostatic spinning or the airflow spray method, and then preparing the nanofibers into carbon nanofibers. The method is characterized in that the carbon nanofibers are acidified or electrochemically treated into carbon nanofibers containing oxygen or nitrogen functional groups. The acidifying process comprises the following steps of: placing the carbon nanofibers in a nitric acid solution with the mass concentration of 30-68% and treating for 1-10 hours at 10-50 DEG C; rinsing with deionized water and drying; thus, obtaining the carbon nanofibers containing carboxyl functional groups. The electrochemical treating process comprises the steps of: placing the carbon nanofibers in a nitric acid or phosphoric acid solution with the mass percentage concentration of 1-20% at 10-50 DEG C, or in ammonium carbonate or ammonium hydrogen carbonate, and treating with the apparent current density of 10-100A/m2 for 1-120 minutes to obtain the carbon nanofibers containing carboxyl or amino functional groups.

The invention discloses a method for lowering the pH value of active calcium silicate. The method comprises the following steps of: adding lime milk to high-alkality active calcium silicate for dealkalization when the Na2O content (weight percent) in the high-alkality active calcium silicate is greater than or equal to 1%, and then carrying out acidification treatment; and directly carrying out acidification treatment on high-alkality active calcium silicate when the Na2O content (weight percent) in the high-alkality active calcium silicate is smaller than 1%. The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, and realizes the advantages of wide raw material sources, low price, simple operation steps and low energy consumption. The pH value of high-alkality active calcium silicate treated by the method can be lowered to 8-10, thereby meeting the requirements on filler performance in the industries of plastic, rubber, paper making, paint and the like, and high-alkality active calcium silicate treated by the method can be used as a heat-insulation material.

The invention provides carbon nano tubes modified by polymers with maleic anhydride chain segments and a preparation method of the carbon nano tubes. The carbon nano tubes are processed in one-step acidification treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid, and then have reaction with thionyl chloride after being processed in two-step acidification treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The product obtained from the above process has reaction with dihydric alcohol to obtain the modified carbon nano tubes with hydroxyl. Then the carbon nano tubes modified by polymers with maleic anhydride chain segments are obtained by means of the polymerization reaction between the hydroxyl and the polymers with maleic anhydride chain segments. Thereby, the carbon nano tubes can disperse into the composite materials well, the compatibility of the carbon nano tubes with the other materials are improved, so that the carbon nano tubes can take the advantages maximally and realize the functional design and application.

The present invention relates to a ferromanganese modified straw active carbon adsorbent for As (III) adsorption, and applications thereof. The technical scheme comprises: preparing straw into straw active carbon, adding to nitric acid, carrying out an acidification treatment to obtain acidified straw active carbon, adding the acidified straw active carbon to a metal iron salt and HCl mixing solution, carrying out a reaction at a room temperature for 22-24 h, heating to a temperature of 95-105 DEG C, carrying out a reaction for 6-7 h to obtain iron modified active carbon, mixing a metal manganese salt and the iron modified active carbon, carrying out a reaction at a temperature of 75-85 DEG C, adding a KMnO4 and KOH mixing aqueous solution, carrying out a reflux reaction at a temperature of 75-85 DEG C, and washing he product so as to obtain the target product. According to the present invention, with the ferromanganese modified straw active carbon adsorbent, the As (III) can be selectively recovered from the solution containing the As (III) ions and the impurity metal ions; and the ferromanganese modified straw active carbon adsorbent has advantages of low cost, high selectivity, high adsorption capacity, and the like.

The present invention provides a macromolecule modified carbon nano-tube made by in situ polymerization and the related preparation method. Concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid are used for the first-step acidification treatment of the carbon nano-tube; then concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide are used for the second-step acidification treatment; afterward, the acidified carbon nano-tube reacts with dichloride sulfoxide and the product will then react with diol to produce a modified carbon nano-tube with hydroxyl; finally, the carbon nano-tube containing polymerizable double bonds is obtained after the pre-reaction between hydroxy and maleic anhydride. The carbon nano-tube containing polymerizable double bonds and maleic anhydride have in situ polymerization reaction with substances containing double bonds and then are connected on the external surface of the carbon nano-tube so that the carbon nano-tube can be well dispersed into composite materials to improve the compatibility between the carbon nano-tube and other materials in order to maximize the advantages of the carbon nano-tube and realize the functionalized design and application of the carbon nano-tube.

The invention discloses a technology used for improving the stability of catalysts in the fuel cell industry; in particular to a process for preparing novel catalysts through graphitize treatment of carbon carriers. The preparation process of the invention, under the protection of inert gas with high-purity, carries out high-temperature heat treatment to common commercial carbon carriers to cause carrier materials to be partially graphitized and eliminate partial impurities in the original supporters, thus improving the stable properties of the high carbon carriers. Furthermore, the graphitized materials are carried out acidification treatment and a direct-reduction process or an ethylene glycol reduction process is adopted to prepare the catalysts in order to improve the stability of fuel cell catalysts. The invention is characterized by new structure, simple technique conditions, lower cost, being relatively suitable for scale production, etc. Hence, the invention belongs to a method that integrates economical efficiency and practicability into a whole and improves the stability of the fuel cell catalysts.

The invention relates to a paste applied during the printing process of active dyes of textiles and the preparation method thereof. The method comprises the steps as follows: subjecting wood pulp to acidification treatment, alkalization treatment, etherealization treatment and carboxylation treatment to obtain a component (A); subjecting potato starch to alkalization, cross-linking and grafting treatment, introducing sulfoethyl group, conducting etherealization treatment to obtain a component (B); taking kollidon as a component (C); and mixing the components (A), (B) and (C) at a ratio of 5:4:1. The paste as a novel printing paste can improve the printing performance, reduce the production cost and replace sodium alginate.

The invention discloses acidified attapulgite clay, and the key points of the technical scheme are that: the acidified attapulgite clay comprises the ingredients of attapulgite clay, sulfuric acid, instant sodium silicate, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and sodium carbonate. A production method of the acidified attapulgite clay is as follows: acidified attapulgite clay ingredients are transported into a mill for milling powder, and the milled powder is the acidified attapulgite clay. Acidification treatment can remove impurities distributed in attapulgite clay pore channels, the pore channels are dredged, and the pore volume is increased. The acidified attapulgite clay can improve the adsorption property, decolorization rate, catalytic action, specific surface area and porosity of the attapulgite clay, colloid viscosity of the acidified attapulgite clay can be increased and the PH of the acidified attapulgite clay can be adjusted. The acidified attapulgite clay is applicable to the production of products of petroleum, chemical industry, medicines, building materials, plastics and other industry fields.

The invention relates to a method for synthesizing a granular beta molecular sieve with montmorillonoid, comprising the following steps: acidification treatment and high-temperature roasting are carried out to the montmorillonoid, and the montmorillonoid which is acidified is soaked and heated by template agents, and then the montmorillonoid which is activated is used as raw material to provide total or partial aluminum source, and then the granular beta molecular sieve is prepared by adding template agents and carrying out hydrothermal crystallization; in the invention, the prepared beta molecular sieve grows on the surface of the montmorillonoid closely, so as to form a similar core-shell structure, and the catalytic reaction efficiency is improved by shortening the diffused route of reactants and product molecules in a molecular sieve crystal. The method not only expands the raw material range for synthesizing the beta molecular sieve, but also further reduces the preparation cost of the beta molecular sieve with a crystal seed method.

The invention relates to a graphene-loaded activated carbon composite material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation process of the material comprises the following steps of crushing activated carbon to be 1,000 meshes, carrying out acidification treatment on the activated carbon, and then cleanly washing and drying the activated carbon; carrying out ultrasonic treatment on a graphene oxide solution, so as to form a homogeneous solution; afterwards, immerging the acidified activated carbon into the solution, sufficiently agitating an obtained first mixture, then adding an ethylenediamine solution into the obtained first mixture, making an obtained second mixture react at a temperature of 80 DEG C in a water bath, and after a reaction is terminated, subjecting graphene loaded activated carbon to dialysis treatment; finally, washing and filtering the graphene-loaded activated carbon, and subjecting the graphene-loaded activated carbon to vacuum drying, so that the material is made. The method provided by the invention is simple in technique, and is simple and convenient to operate; by utilizing the excellent electric conduction performance of graphene, the graphene-loaded activated carbon composite material which is higher in conductivity and lower in cost is prepared; not only is the agglomeration phenomenon, which is generated due to surface electrostatic action, of the graphene overcome, but also the self electric conduction performance of the activated carbon is promoted; the conductivity of the composite material is increased by approximately 100 times.

The invention relates to a method for treating kitchen wastes by utilizing photosynthetic bacteria and recycling the kitchen wastes. The method particularly comprises a kitchen waste pretreating method which includes carrying out hydrolysis acidification treatment on the kitchen wastes until the concentration of volatile fatty acid is up to be 5000-15000mg/L to obtain hydrolysis acidification liquid, performing solid and liquid separation on the hydrolysis acidification liquid, adjusting the pH value of the liquid to be 6.5-7.5 to obtain a pretreated material, and a method for culturing the photosynthetic bacteria by using the pretreated material, which comprises the following steps of: inoculating 100-1000mg/L of a photosynthetic bacteria flora in the pretreated material and culturing the photosynthetic bacteria flora for 3-5 days under conditions that the illuminance is 1500-5000lux, the temperature is 25-35 DEG C and the dissolved oxygen concentration is 0-0.8mg/L. A product obtained by using the method can be used for preparing feed additives, water purification agents, ecological organic fertilizers or aquaculture baits. The method is strong in poison resistance capability for treating the kitchen wastes, good in denitrification and high in organic matter removal capability.

The invention relates to a biological treatment method of coal chemical wastewater, which adopts a biological reaction-muddy water separation integrated bioreactor. The method comprises the following steps of: sequentially feeding materialized and pre-treated coal chemical wastewater into an anaerobic bioreactor, an anoxic bioreactor, a first-stage aerobiotic bioreactor, a second-stage aerobiotic bioreactor and a third-stage aerobiotic bioreactor, selecting each aerobiotic bioreactor to discharge water and inflow into the anoxic bioreactor; and carrying out anaerobic acidification treatment by the anaerobic reactor, reinforcing a biological denitrification reaction in the anoxic reactor to remove non-gradable organic matters, completely decarbonizing by the first-stage aerobiotic bioreactor, and realizing the short-course nitratlon reaction and the whole-course nitratlon reaction by the second-stage aerobiotic bioreactor and the third-stage aerobiotic bioreactor, wherein the sludge concentration in the reactor can be guaranteed to be greater than 8mg/L due to the biological reaction-muddy water separation integrated bioreactor, the sludge age is greater than 60 days, the specific strains can be preferably cultured, and the function realization of a novel method can be guaranteed. The coal chemical wastewater is treated by the method, so that the discharged water can reach the requirement of the national wastewater comprehensive discharge standard.

The invention discloses an optimized production method of a graphene powder material with a three-dimensional structure. The optimized production method comprises the following operation steps: (1) performing sensitizing treatment on a polymer, wherein the sensitizing treatment is alkalinization treatment, acidification treatment, metal ion exchange and hole making treatment sequentially performedon a raw material; (2) performing drying treatment on the raw material sensitized in the step (1); (3) performing high-temperature cracking treatment on the raw material dried in the step (2); (4) performing disintegrating treatment on a sample after the high temperature cracking treatment in the step (3); (5) performing metal recycling treatment on the sample disintegrated in the step (4). The optimized production method disclosed by the invention has the benefits that grinding and crushing are not required in the whole process of preparing the graphene powder material with the three-dimensional structure, a complicated preparation process in the graphene preparation process by a traditional catalytic cracking method is optimized, the production process is simplified, and the productioncost is reduced.

The invention discloses a method for treating arsenic-containing wastewater, belonging to the technical field of sewage treatment in environmental protection. The method provided by the invention sequentially comprises the following steps of: (1) immersing crushed magnetite powder of 40-100 meshes or magnetite grains with the grain diameter of 5-7 mm in water with the pH value of 7.5-9.5 at a constant temperature of 50-80 DEG C for 5-7 days, and then separating, and drying and activating the immersed magnetite powder or magnetite grains at a temperature of 110 DEG C for 1.5 hours to obtain activated magnetite; (2) acidifying the activated magnetite by using a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 0.1 mol/L and carrying out alkaline washing on the acidified activated magnetite by using sodium hydroxide with the concentration of 2.0 mol/L, and then immersing the alkaline-washed magnetite into an organic amine solution for 12-24 hours; (3) adding 50-100 mg of the activated and modified magnetite powder into 30-800 mL of the arsenic-containing wastewater and stirring for 2.5-3.5 hours; and (4) depositing the stirred mixed liquid and then separating. According to the method disclosed by the invention, amorphous ferric oxide hydrate is generated by hydrolyzing mineral substances including the magnetite and the like, and the amorphous ferric oxide hydrate is aminated in the organic amine solution to form active sites for adsorbing the arsenic after the acidification and the alkaline washing of the amorphous ferric oxide hydrate; the arsenic is easy to combine with an amino so as to be firmly adsorbed on the surface of the magnetite, and the removing rate of the arsenic in the wastewater reaches up to more than 99.9%; and the adsorbed magnetite can be repeatedly utilized after being acidified.

The present invention provides a functionalized carbon nano-tube with polymerizable double bond and the related preparation method. Concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid are used for the first-step acidification treatment of the carbon nano-tube; then concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide are used for the second-step acidification treatment; afterward, the acidified carbon nano-tube reacts with dichloride sulfoxide and the product will then react with diol to produce a modified carbon nano-tube with hydroxyl; finally, the carbon nano-tube with polymerizable double bond is obtained after the reaction between hydroxy and maleic anhydride. The carbon nano-tube with polymerizable double bond can react further with other substances containing double bonds, therefore, the carbon nano-tube can be used as an important intermediate; other substances will be connected on the external surface of the carbon nano-tube through chemical reactions to realize the functionalized design and application of the carbon nano-tube.

The invention belongs to nuclear fuel circulation technologies, and specifically discloses a uranium-containing wastewater treatment method. The treatment method is characterized in that firstly uranium-containing wastewater is subjected to pre-filtration, and followed by acidification treatment and alkalization treatment; and after being filtered again, the wastewater is subjected to silica gel adsorption uranium removing, after the wastewater reaches standards, deep treatment is performed, and if the wastewater does not reach the standards, deep treatment is performed after silica gel desorption. According to the treatment method, particulate matters in the wastewater are removed through pre-filtration firstly, thereby avoiding high temperature acidification making the uranium concentration of the wastewater increased to bring critical safety problems; with the help of the high temperature acidification, acid gases are driven off, and organic matters are destroyed, thereby avoiding affecting the adsorption of the silica gel on uranium; after the acidification, ammonia water, sodium hydroxide or the like is added to precipitate most of the uranium in the wastewater, thereby reducing the uranium concentration in the wastewater, and the precipitated wastewater is subjected to two stage filtration to make most of uranium-containing particles intercepted, thereby avoiding the uranium-containing particles polluting the silica gel, and improving the service life and the adsorption effect of the silica gel.

The invention discloses an air purification material capable of removing formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetic acid and ammonia and a preparation method of the air purification material. The preparation method comprises: performing acidizing treatment, washing and drying of an air purification material carrier to prepare an acidized air purification material carrier; mixing water, hydroxylammonium chloride, hexamethylene tetramine, chitosan, and orotic acid according to a mass ratio of 10:0.5-1.0:0.2-0.4:0.05-0.12:0.1-0.3 to prepare a mixed solution; and soaking the acidized air purification material carrier into the mixed solution for reaction, and drying the obtained product after reaction to obtain the air purification material. The air purification material provided in the invention has an excellent adsorption effect on formaldehyde, particularly has a preferable removal effect on low-concentration formaldehyde, and further has an excellent removal effect on acetaldehyde, acetic acid and ammonia. The air purification material is convenient to use, simple in preparation process, and good in practicality.

The invention relates to a preparation method of an oil absorbent, in particular to a method for preparing the oil absorbent from low grade diatomite. The preparation method comprises the following 9 steps of: low grade diatomite raw material selection, crushing, acidification treatment, washing, drying, adding of the assistant (3%-5%) Na2Cl (industrial salt) and mixing, roasting at 750-850DEG C, breaking winnowing, and adding of the silane coupling agent KH-550 (gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, Nanjing Union silicon Chemical Co., LTD. 5%-7%) to conduct modification treatment, thus obtaining the particle and powder diatomite oil absorbent. The oil absorbent has simple and easy preparation method, wide raw material sources and low cost, solves the current solid waste pollution problem of low grade diatomite, opens up a new way for low grade diatomite application, and realizes recycling of waste materials. The oil absorbent has good selectivity, strong absorptivity up to 500% of its own weight, rapid oil absorption speed, small oil absorbent stacking density, a melting point of 1450DEG C, and a high use temperature, and can float on the water surface before and after oil absorption, thus being convenient for recovery and post-treatment.

The acidification data monitoring method includes the following steps: 1. establishing relation graph plate of (Pe-Pwf)/qN in different skin factor and Delta-the(sup) with the simulating data before acidification treatment; 2.measuring the well head pump pressure and the pouring amount and displacement of pump during acidification, calculating (Pe-Pwf)/qN and Delta-the(sup), and making (Pe-Pwf)/qN vs Delta-the(sup) graph; and 3. comparing the graph and the relation graph plate and monitoring the change of skin factor to monitor the acidification process. The present invention also discloses one kind of skin factor calculating method and acidification process evaluating method. The present invention is easy to realize, has the effect of unstable flow, and may be used in monitoring various kinds of acidification process and evaluating the results.