Use for deferiprone

Abstract

A method of treating iron induced cardiac disease in a patient with iron overload, such as in thalassemia or the like comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of deferiprone or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof sufficient to treat induced cardiac disease normally associated with iron overload.

Description

FIELD OF INVENTION [0001] The invention relates to the use of deferiprone for the prevention / stabilization / reduction of the risk of heart disease, such as heart failure, in patients having an iron overload condition such as is found in those suffering from for example, thalassemia, hemochromatosis, and myelodysplasia, and corresponding methods of treatment involving deferiprone therefor. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] Although reference is made in the following discussion to thalassemia specifically, the invention is not intended to be interpreted as limited only to the treatment thereof. Any chronic iron overload condition would benefit from treatment by utilizing the method described herein as well as the other aspects of the invention. For example, those suffering from hemochromatosis and transfused sickle cell anemia would also benefit. [0003] Thalassemia, among other afflictions, must be treated by regular transfusions of red blood cells in order to extend the life of the p...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0095] According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a novel use of deferiprone or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof for the prevention / stabilization / reduction of the risk of heart disease such as heart failure and iron induced cardiac complications in patients having an iron overload condition associated with thalassemia or the like.

[0112] Preferably deferiprone is administered in a manner selected from the group of intravenously, transdermally, rectally, orally, bucally, or aurally. In a preferred embodiment deferiprone is administered orally. In one embodiment the dosage form is a sustained release formulation preferably made in accordance with the common knowledge of a man skilled in the art. By having a constant level of deferiprone in the body, we protect against the development of heart damage from non-transferrin-bound iron. Although the current formulation provides protection, blood levels fall to very low levels after about 4 hours. Thus a sustained release formulation provides a greater level of protection by providing higher blood levels throughout the dosing period.

Problems solved by technology

However, transfusions create a widespread iron overload in the patient.

Iron overload is dangerous since the excessive iron can cause toxic degenerative changes in the heart, liver and endocrine organs.

While blood transfusions constitute the major source of increased iron load, having about 1 mg of iron per ml of transfused red blood cells, increased iron absorption from the gastrointestinal tract can be observed in some diseases and also cause iron overload.

However, only 1 mg of iron is lost each day through sloughing of cells from skin and mucosal surfaces and the body does not have any organ that can perform the role of regulating the iron excretion in conditions of iron overload.

Consequently, increased dietary iron absorption can also lead to iron overload and iron-induced organ toxicity, the most serious of which is heart damage.

Thus, even without blood transfusions, conditions such as thalassemia, or hemochromatosis lead to increased body levels of iron, resulting in iron toxicity and eventually heart damage.

However, because desferrioxamine is not effective when given orally, it has to be given by a parenteral route.

While patient compliance is greater with deferiprone, it is not more effective than desferrioxamine in generally removing iron from the body.

When palliative transfusions are introduced, children live into their late teens, but eventually succumb to heart failure if iron overload is not treated.

However, many still die before 30 years of age, most from heart failure.

The number of patients who are compliant with this therapy is limited since the use of desferrioxamine normally requires the use of an infusion pump for 8 to 12 hours, 5-7 days a week as long as patients continue to receive regular blood transfusions.

This is a rigorous and uncomfortable treatment regime and many patients cannot or will not comply, which results in an increased iron load and iron toxicity in various organs, including the heart.

However, it is apparent that this is not the only reason that thalassemia patients receiving desferrioxamine therapy develop iron-induced heart disease.

The lack of adequate compliance with injectable desferrioxamine leads to a generalized increased iron overload as revealed by increases in iron concentrations assessed by the above methods, and thus also to increased levels of iron in the heart.

It has thus become evident that lowering of the total body iron alone is insufficient to protect against iron-induced heart damage.

Images