Broad specturm anti-viral therapeutics and prophylaxis

a broad-specturm, antiviral technology, applied in the field of therapeutic compositions, can solve the problems of drug-resistant viruses, inability to effectively treat bronchopneumonia, and inability to meet the needs of patients,

Inactive Publication Date: 2008-03-27
NEXBIO INC
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Viral replication is primarily limited to the upper respiratory tract but can extend to the lower respiratory tract and cause bronchopneumonia that can be fatal.
Therefore it is inevitable that an effective vaccine will be unavailable or in very short supply during the first waves of future pandemics.
However, side effects and the risk of generating drug-resistant viruses remain the top two concerns for using them widely as chemoprophylaxis (Hayden, F G.
Most importantly, future pandemic strains, either evolved naturally or artificially created by genetic engineering in bio-warfare, may be resistant to all the available anti-viral compounds, and this will have devastating consequences globally.

Method used

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Examples

Experimental program
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example 1

Synthesizing Aprotinin Genes, Purifying and Testing Aprotinin Fusion Proteins

Introduction

[0100] Influenza viral protein hemagglutinin (HA) is the major influenza envelope protein. It plays an essential role in viral infection. The importance of HA is evidenced by the fact that it is the major target for protective neutralizing antibodies produced by the host immune response (Hayden, F G. (1996) In Antiviral drug resistance (ed. D. D. Richman), pp. 59-77. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.). It is now clear that HA has two different functions in viral infection. First, HA is responsible for the attachment of the virus to sialic acid cell receptors. Second, HA mediates viral entry into target cells by triggering fusion of the viral envelope with cellular membranes.

[0101] HA is synthesized as a precursor protein, HA0, which is transferred through the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface as a trimeric molecular complex. HA0 is further cleaved to generate the C terminus HA1 (resid...

example 2

Establishing Improved Tissue Culture Models for Studies on Influenza Virus Infection

Stocks of Influenza Viruses

[0121] Influenza viral strains are obtained from ATCC and the repository at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. All experiments involving influenza viruses are conducted at Bio-safety level II.

[0122] Viruses are propagated by injection into the allantoic cavity of nine-day-old chicken embryos as described (Zhirnov O P, Ovcharenko A V and Bukrinskaya A G. (1985) J Gen Virol 66:1633-1638). Alternatively, viral stocks are grown on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells in minimal essential medium (MEM) supplemented with 0.3% bovine serum albumin and 0.5 micrograms of trypsin per ml. After incubating for 48 to 72 hours, the culture medium is clarified by low speed centrifugation. Viral particles are pelleted by ultracentrifugation through a 25% sucrose cushion. Purified viruses are suspended in 50% glycerol-0.1M Tris buffer (pH 7.3) and stored at −20° C.

Plaque Assays

[...

example 3

Comparing Functions of the Aprotinin Fusion Proteins In Vitro

Anti-Viral Effects of Aprotinin Fusion Proteins

[0131] 1. Pre-infection treatment. Aprotinin fusion proteins are added to primary human cell cultures at various concentrations and allowed to incubate with the cells for 1 hour. The cells are washed with fresh medium and immediately inoculated with influenza viruses at MOI 0.01 to 1. Cells are washed again after 1 hour and cultured for 3 to 5 days. Titer and infectivity of viruses in the supernatant are measured at various time points by two plaque assays. The cytopathic effect caused by viral infection is evaluated by staining viable cells with crystal violet and quantifying by measuring absorption at 570 nm at the end of the experiment. The percentage of cell protection by aprotinin fusion proteins is calculated by 100.times.{(aprotinin treated sample-untreated infected sample) / (uninfected control-untreated infected sample)}. The drug efficacy for cell protection is desc...

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Abstract

Provided are new compositions and methods for preventing and treating pathogen infection. In particular, provided are compounds having an anchoring domain that anchors the compound to the surface of a target cell, and a therapeutic domain that can act extracellularly to prevent infection of the target cell by a pathogen, such as a virus. Preferred target cells are epithelial cells. Also provided are compositions and methods for preventing viral diseases, such as influenza, using compounds having anchoring domains that can bind target cells linked to enzymatic activities that can act extracellularly to interfere with viral infection of target cells. Also provided are compositions and methods for preventing viral diseases such as influenza using compounds having anchoring domains that can bind target cells linked to protease inhibitors that can act extracellularly to interfere with viral infection of target cells.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10 / 718,986, to Mang Yu and Fang Fang, filed on Nov. 21, 2003, entitled “Broad Spectrum Anti-Viral Therapeutics and Prophylaxis,” which claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60 / 428,535, filed Nov. 22, 2002, entitled “Broad Spectrum Anti-Viral Therapeutics and Prophylaxis,” and to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60 / 464,217, filed Apr. 19, 2003, entitled “Class of broad spectrum anti-viral protein.” The subject matter of each of these applications is incorporated by reference in its entirety.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] 1. Field of the Invention [0003] The invention relates to therapeutic compositions that can be used to prevent and treat infection of human and animal subjects by a pathogen, and specifically to protein-based therapeutic compositions that can be used for the prevention and treatment of viral infections, such as the preve...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A61K38/46A61P31/16C12N9/14A61KA61K38/16A61K38/17A61K38/47A61K38/48A61K38/55A61K38/56A61K38/57A61K39/00A61K47/48
CPCA61K38/47B82Y5/00A61K38/57A61P31/00A61P31/04A61P31/12A61P31/16A61P43/00A61K38/16A61K38/48
Inventor YU, MANGFANG, FANG
Owner NEXBIO INC
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