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Pharmaceutical formulation of apomorphine for buccal administration

a technology of apomorphine and apomorphine, which is applied in the direction of heterocyclic compound active ingredients, biocide, drug compositions, etc., can solve the problems of limited application of apomorphine to control “on-off” fluctuations, transient nasal blockage and burning sensation, and promote sexual function , the effect of enhancing libido

Inactive Publication Date: 2009-01-22
AMARIN PHARMA IRELAND
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0020]Use of apomorphine or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, and a solution comprising a diluent and a pH modifying agent, in the manufacture of a medicament which is adjusted to a pH ranging from mildly acidic to alkaline and which is formulated for buccal delivery to a subject, the medicament being for treating Parkinson's disease or for promoting sexual function, treating sexual dysfunction, enhancing libido or reducing impotence.

Problems solved by technology

Although the exact pathological course of Parkinson's disease is unknown, the dopaminergic neurones in the substantia nigra are progressively destroyed which leads to a net decrease in the amount of dopamine in the basal ganglia.
The widespread application of apomorphine to control “on-off” fluctuations is limited by the necessity for subcutaneous administration.
Intranasal apomorphine was shown to be effective in patients with Parkinson's disease but produced transient nasal blockage and burning sensation in two of five patients tested.
Furthermore, the delayed onset of action limits its application as a supplemental dopamine agonist therapy.
Unpleasant taste and inconsistency of dissolution were noted formulation problems.
However, the nasal spray formulation described above is also an aqueous solution and is also believed to be acidic.
This would imply that the formulation is not optimised for nasal absorption and the nasal irritation that has been reported might well derive from the acidic property of the formulation.
As a result, the amount of drug available for buccal absorption rapidly decreases.

Method used

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  • Pharmaceutical formulation of apomorphine for buccal administration
  • Pharmaceutical formulation of apomorphine for buccal administration

Examples

Experimental program
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Effect test

example 1

Preparation of a Formulation of the Invention

[0059]A commercially available injectable solution of apomorphine in hydrochloric acid with a pH of 3.5 (trade name “APO-go”, supplied by Britannia Pharmaceuticals) was employed as component (a). A solution of sodium hydroxide was employed as component (b).

[0060]A pre-calculated amount of sodium hydroxide was added to a solution of APO-go in order to bring the pH of the solution up to 6. The resulting mixture was put into a vortex blender. Subsequently, the blended mixture was drawn up into a syringe ready for squirting onto a patient's tongue.

example 2

Pharmacokinetic Study

[0061]The objective of this study was to investigate the bioavailability of apomorphine hydrochloride following administration, to 12 healthy volunteers by the oral route, of a formulation which could be prepared using a two-compartment kit of the present invention. Formulation 1 was used, which was prepared, according to Example 1, individually for each volunteer in turn.

[0062]Due to the emetic properties of apomorphine, subjects were pre-treated with the anti-emetic domperidone. Following 2 days of domperidone pre-treatment, Formulation 1 was prepared as described in Example 1 for each volunteer in turn. Subjects received a 2.5 mg dose of apomorphine by administration of Formulation 1 by the sub-lingual route: in each case the solution was made up and drawn into a syringe as described in Example 1, and then squirted onto the volunteer's tongue. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were taken pre-dose and at intervals for 6 hours after each dose of apomor...

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Abstract

The present invention provides a kit comprising, in separate compartments of a container, the following components (a) and (b): (a) a combination of apomorphine or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier; and (b) a solution which comprises a diluent and a pH modifying agent; the components being presented such that they can be combined at the point of use into a formulation which is adjusted to a pH ranging from mildly acidic to alkaline and which is suitable for buccal administration. The formulation is useful in treating Parkinson's disease and in promoting sexual function.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0001]The present invention relates to pharmaceutical formulations of apomorphine, a drug used in the management of Parkinson's disease and in the treatment of sexual dysfunction. More specifically the invention relates to pharmaceutical formulations of apomorphine which are for buccal administration.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive neurological disorder affecting approximately 20 in every 100,000 people. The disease is typically characterised by resting tremor, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. Although the exact pathological course of Parkinson's disease is unknown, the dopaminergic neurones in the substantia nigra are progressively destroyed which leads to a net decrease in the amount of dopamine in the basal ganglia. Dopamine replacement with levodopa is the current primary therapy for Parkinson's disease.[0003]After a three to five year period of control, 25% of Parkinson's disease suffere...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): A61K31/473A61P15/10A61K9/00
CPCA61K9/006A61K31/435A61K9/0053A61K31/473A61P15/00A61P15/10A61P25/00A61P25/16A61K9/10
Inventor CLARKE, ANTHONY
Owner AMARIN PHARMA IRELAND
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