Method for phosgenating compounds containing hydroxyl, thiol, amino and/or formamide groups

Abstract

The invention relates to a method particularly for reacting phosgene with compounds that contain hydroxyl, thiol, amino and / or formamide groups, comprising the steps of: (I) providing a reactor which has a first reaction chamber (300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350) and a second reaction chamber (200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260), the first and the second reaction chambers being separated from one another by means of a porous carbon membrane (100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150); (II) providing carbon monoxide and chlorine in the first reaction chamber; and simultaneously (III) providing a compound containing hydroxyl, thiol, amino and / or formamide groups in the second reaction chamber. The porous carbon membrane is configured to catalyse the reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine to obtain phosgene, and to allow this formed phosgene to pass into the second reaction chamber. The invention also relates to a reactor that is suitable for carrying out the claimed method.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This is a Divisional Application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15 / 503,855, filed Aug. 17, 2015, which is a § 371 National Stage Application of PCT / EP2015 / 068811, filed Aug. 17, 2015, which claims priority to German Application No. 10 2014 111 902.9 filed Aug. 20, 2014. Each of these applications is incorporated by reference in its entirety.BACKGROUNDField of the Invention[0002]The studies that led to this invention were supported under Grant Agreement No. 245988-1 as part of the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Union (FP7 / 2007-2013)-INCAS (Integration of Nanoreactor and multisite Catalysis for a Sustainable chemical production).Description of Related Art[0003]The present invention relates to a method of reaction of phosgene with compounds containing hydroxyl, thiol, amino and / or formamide groups, comprising the steps of: (I) providing a reactor comprising a first reaction space and a second reaction space, wherein the fir...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

It is a very reactive but also very toxic chemical, and the industrial scale production process, because of the amounts of phosgene (hold-up) present in a plant, always harbors risks to the environment in the event of an unintended release resulting from leaks in pipelines or other damage to plant components.

Particularly the exothermicity of the phosgene synthesis in the gas phase requires efficient cooling systems, but it is not possible to prevent hotspots in the reactor with local temperatures of more than 500° C.

The occurrence of temperatures of more than 300° C. does not just lead to elevated material stress in the reactor but also adversely affects the equilibrium reaction of phosgene formation (the breakdown of phosgene predominates at more than 300° C.) and additionally increases the rate of deactivation of the catalyst, such that there is an overall drop in space-time yield and process efficient.

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