The invention discloses a self-cleaning urban rainwater diversion and collection device which comprises a foundation, a water collection tank is vertically formed in the upper end face of the foundation, a buffer tank is vertically formed in the inner bottom wall of the water collection tank, a first filter plate is horizontally and fixedly installed in the buffer tank, and a water quality monitoring mechanism is arranged in the buffer tank. According to the device, rainwater can be filtered for the second time firstly, large impurities in the rainwater are removed, the cleanliness of the rainwater entering the rainwater collecting device subsequently can be improved, and the treatment pressure of the subsequent sewage collecting device on the rainwater can be reduced; when rainwater is collected, the equipment can monitor the quality of the rainwater entering the buffer tank in real time and periodically remove impurities and clean the first filter plate, so that the first filter plate is prevented from being blocked, and normal drainage of the rainwater in the water collecting tank is guaranteed; and the connection states of the sewage pipe, the rainwater pipe and the L-shaped channel can be switched according to the quality of rainwater, so that the purpose of rainwater diversion and collection is achieved.