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The application belongs to the technical field of biological medicine, and particularly relates to RAB8A as a biomarker for predicting the curative effect and prognosis of immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and application thereof. Through independent discovery and verification queues, it is proved that high expression of RAB8A in tumor tissues is significantly related to longer progression-free survival of NSCLC patients after receiving immunotherapy, and the expression level has good prediction efficiency on the curative effect and prognosis of immunotherapy. Detection of RAB8A protein expression can be used as an effective auxiliary tool for guiding the clinical decision of NSCLC immunotherapy.