Reversibly switchable surfactants and methods of use thereof

A surfactant and non-surfactant technology, applied in the field of surfactants, can solve the problem of slow photochemical reaction process

Inactive Publication Date: 2008-12-17
QUEENS UNIV OF KINGSTON
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Although turbid solutions can be exposed to light, the photochemical reaction process is slow because the reaction occurs only in solutions through which light efficiently passes

Method used

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  • Reversibly switchable surfactants and methods of use thereof
  • Reversibly switchable surfactants and methods of use thereof
  • Reversibly switchable surfactants and methods of use thereof

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 8

[0087] Example 8 describes the determination of the critical micelle concentration of an amidine according to the invention. The charge of the ionic surfactant molecule is such that the ionic surfactant molecule imparts a certain conductivity to its solution. At the critical micelle concentration (CMC), surfactant molecules begin to aggregate into colloidal molecular clusters whose mobility is very different from that of single ions; therefore, plotting conductance against surfactant concentration Rate curve, there will be a titration jump (Patist, A., Hand Book of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Vol.2 (Ed.: K.Holmberg) of specific conductivity at the critical micelle concentration (CMC) place, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2002; Schultz, P.C.; Clausse, D.; J. Chem. Ed. 2003, 80, 1053). Critical micelle concentration (CMC) is an indicator of surfactant efficiency (D.Myers, Surfactant Science and Technology, 3 rd ed., John Wiley & Sons Inc.: New York, U.S.A., 2006). A...

Embodiment 4

[0097] Example 4 shows that ammonium bicarbonate 2a can be decomposed between about 50°C and about 63°C and releases carbon dioxide and water. Carbon dioxide loss between room temperature and 100°C is desirable; therefore measured temperatures between 50°C and 63°C are within the desired range. If the decomposition temperature of 2a is higher than 100° C., the compound of the invention is unlikely to release carbon dioxide even in boiling water; ammonium bicarbonate is too stable to be converted. If the decomposition temperature is lower than room temperature, ammonium bicarbonate is unstable at room temperature, and it will switch to the closed state to give a neutral amidine.

[0098] If isolation of the switchable switchable surfactant of the present invention is desired, it can be isolated in any form by reverse solubility. When the switched-on form (salt form) is switched off, the switchable surfactant separates from the aqueous solution, allowing it to be easily recover...

Embodiment 1

[0118] Embodiment 1.N '-alkyl-N, N-dimethyl acetamidine compound Synthetic and Qualitative

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Abstract

Reversible switchable surfactants are provided. A surfactant is the salt of an amidine or guanidine having at least one R group that is a hydrophobic moiety selected from the group consisting of higher aliphatic moiety, higher siloxyl moiety, higher aliphatic/siloxyl moiety, aliphatic/aryl moiety, siloxyl/aryl moiety, and aliphatic/siloxyl/aryl moiety. The other R groups are smaller moieties such as H1C1 to C4 aliphatic or the like. The surfactant is turned on by a gas that liberates hydrogen ions, such as, for example, carbon dioxide, which liberates hydrogen ions in the presence of water. The surfactant is turned off by exposure to a flushing gas and/or heating. When ''on'' the surfactants are useful to stabilize emulsions, and when ''off'' they are useful to separate immiscible liquids or a liquid and a solid. The surfactants find uses in polymerization and in the oil industry.

Description

technical field [0001] The technical field of the invention is surfactants, and in particular those surfactants which can be reversibly changed to a non-surfactant form. Background technique [0002] In some chemical and industrial processes, it is necessary to make a stable emulsion of two immiscible liquids (eg, water and oil). For example, in the field of oil drilling, this is effective for forcing water into underground spaces. In order to maximize the amount of oil obtained with this technique, it is necessary to use surfactants to obtain a stable emulsion. A surfactant is a molecule with two parts: one part is water-soluble (hydrophilic, lipophobic) and the other part is oil-soluble (hydrophobic, lipophilic). Due to this dual solubility property, surfactants are able to bridge the interface between oil and water to stabilize emulsions. [0003] Once placed in an oil-water mixture, the surfactant orients itself so that its water-soluble portion is surrounded by water...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): C07B63/02B01D17/04B01F17/22C08F2/22C09K23/22
Inventor P·G·杰索普
Owner QUEENS UNIV OF KINGSTON
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