Monatomic catalyst with high catalytic activity and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a monatomic catalyst with the high catalytic activity and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the catalyst comprises the following steps that 1, Zn-containing dual-metal or multi-metal metal organic framework compound (MOF) is prepared through a solvent thermal method; 2, the MOF is coated with a polymer; 3, the coated material is subjected to high temperature treatment in inertia atmosphere, and a metal monatomic catalyst dispersed on a nitrogen-doping hollow carbon shell is obtained. The cobalt monatomic catalyst obtained through the preparation method has the excellent activity and selectivity in a hydrogenation reaction of nitrobenzene.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of catalysts, and relates to a single-atom catalyst with high catalytic activity and its preparation method and application. Background technique [0002] Single-atom catalyst is a research hotspot in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. It refers to the catalyst supported by a single atom on the support. These supports are usually metal oxides with more defect sites or carbon supports containing heteroatoms. The defect sites of the support Dots are used to anchor single atoms with very high surface free energies. Single-atom catalysts have the largest atom utilization and unique electronic and geometric structures, so they have excellent catalytic activity and selectivity, and are of great significance for the mechanistic research of catalytic processes. Since Tao Zhang and his collaborators first reported Pt in 2011 1 / FeO x Since the application of single-atom catalysts in CO oxidation, single-atom catalysts ha...

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Problems solved by technology

However, when the aromatic nitro compound contains another functional group that is easily reduced (such as: halogen, carbonyl, etc.), the usual noble metal catalysts cannot selectively reduce the nitro group. In 2014, Zhang Tao reported that Pt 1 / FeO x Single-atom catalysts can selectively catalyze the hydrogenation reaction of aromatic nitro compounds, but when the reaction time continues to increase, additional unsaturated groups will still be reduced

In response to this problem, in 2013, the Beller research group developed cobalt or iron catalysts that can catalyze the hydrogenation reaction of aromatic nitro compounds with high selectivity, which solved the above problems well, but the activity of these non-noble metal-based catalysts is relatively low. Low

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