Solid state reference electrode
A solid-state reference electrode, solid technology, applied in the direction of active material electrodes, material electrochemical variables, material analysis by electromagnetic means, etc., can solve the problem of unsatisfactory property balance, low impedance, chemical and mechanical degradation resistance unsatisfactory
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Embodiment 1
[0122] Example 1. Preparation of Electrodes with Crosslinked Poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) Matrix
[0123] Silver wire (1.5 mm thick, 99.95% Ag) was polished with fine sandpaper and washed with milliQ water. Each wire was inserted into a 1M KCl solution and connected to a potentiostat. The wire was coated with a silver chloride coating by passing a small current (1-10 mA) between a silver electrode (negative electrode) and a platinum counter electrode (positive electrode).
[0124] Mixtures of vinyl acetate and crosslinkers including ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA); polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA; average M n = 575; ie, an average of about 10 ethylene glycol units per molecule) and glycerol propoxylate triacrylate (GPTA; average Mn = 428; ie, an average of about 3 propylene glycol units per molecule). A small amount of 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (≦2 mass %) was added to each mixture as a photoinitiator.
[0125] Table 1
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Embodiment 2
[0130] Example 2. Evaluation of Chemical Resistance
[0131] The electrodes E1-E5 (1.5mL vial volume) prepared according to Example 1 were immersed in a strongly acidic medium (10% H 2 SO 4 )middle. This accelerated degradation test provides an indication of relatively long-term chemical stability under acidic heap leaching conditions. By visually observing the colors of the electrode materials and acidic media, it was found that the crosslinked PVAc electrodes E2–E5 were more resistant to acid attack than the uncrosslinked PVAc electrode E1. Crosslinked electrodes also substantially retained their structural integrity (ie, dimensional stability). The greatest stability was found for electrodes comprising PVAc with 2 and 3 mass % EGDMA (E3 and E4). For these electrodes, the acidic test medium remained substantially unchanged after 24 hours of exposure to acidic conditions. In contrast, both the uncrosslinked PVAc electrode E1 and the acidic medium it was immersed in turne...
Embodiment 3a
[0132] Example 3a. Regulation of EGDMA-crosslinked PVAc electrodes in acidic analytes
[0133] at room temperature in 10% H 2 SO 4 The electrochemical performance of electrodes E1 and E3 prepared according to Example 1 (1.5 mL vial volume) and each containing 0 mass % and 2 mass % EGDMA of the monomer was evaluated in . The potential response of the electrodes was measured against a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) from Koslow Scientific Company which was regularly maintained during all electrochemical tests to ensure stable performance. In all electrochemical tests, the open circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy signals of the electrodes were recorded using a multi-channel potentiostat (Biologic VMP3 potentiostat). figure 1 Plotting the potential response of two PVAc reference electrodes. The uncrosslinked PVAc electrode El took about 12 days to fully stabilize. figure 1 Spikes in the mid-potential signal correspond to electrochemical impedan...
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