Synchronous cooling device and method based on electron beam fuse additive manufacturing

Abstract

The invention provides a synchronous cooling device and method based on electron beam fuse additive manufacturing, the device includes a mobile device and a synchronous cooling system arranged in a vacuum chamber, the upper end of the mobile device is fixed on the top of the vacuum chamber, and the synchronous cooling system Connected with the mobile device, the mobile device drives the synchronous cooling system to move up and down. When the electron beam fuse is additively manufactured, the synchronous cooling system and the electron beam synchronously contact the upper surface of the component; the synchronous cooling system includes a cooling box, a flange clamp, a transition device, clamping device, braided copper mesh and coolant, the upper end of the transition device is connected to the cooling box through a flange clamp, and the lower end of the transition device is connected to the braided copper mesh through a clamping device; the cooling box includes a The water cooling block and the cooling cavity arranged at the lower part, and the water cooling block and the cooling cavity are separated by the lower end surface of the water cooling block. The invention can reduce heat accumulation, suppress crystal grain coarsening, save heat dissipation time, and improve production efficiency.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of electron beam additive manufacturing, and in particular relates to a synchronous cooling device and method based on electron beam fuse additive manufacturing. Background technique [0002] The concept of additive manufacturing was proposed in the late 1980s. This method mainly uses high-energy beams to achieve material point-by-point to layer-by-layer superimposition to prepare solid parts. Compared with traditional processing and forming methods, the additive manufacturing method is not limited by the shape of the formed parts, has low cost, short cycle time, and high precision. It has shown great potential in the fields of aerospace, inertial guidance, weapon maintenance, biomedicine, and remanufacturing. The application potential has brought subversive changes to the industrial field. The heat sources of additive manufacturing technology mainly include laser, electron beam, plasma, electric arc and so on. Amon...

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Problems solved by technology

[0003] However, since the electron beam fuse additive manufacturing technology uses the electron beam as the heat source, the energy is high, and it is carried out under a vacuum chamber, the heat can only be dissipated through thermal radiation and the substrate. Usually, the contact area between the substrate and the deposited body is small. Double effect leads to extremely inefficient heat dissipation in e-beam fuse additive process

On the one hand, the overheating of the component will cause the molten pool to flow to both sides and reduce the surface quality; on the other hand, it will easily lead to the coarsening of the structure and deteriorate the performance of the final component

Especially for large-sized components, the overheating phenomenon is more obvious, because as the deposition height continues to increase, the heat input continues to increase, and the distance between the molten pool and the substrate becomes larger and larger, resulting in an increase in the heat dissipation distance and difficulty in heat dissipation

[0004] At present, there have been reports on the technology of additive manufacturing cooling devices and methods, and some based on the characteristics of laser additive manufacturing, it is proposed to spray inert gas or liquid nitrogen on the surface to make the gas directly contact with the component and quickly export the heat; In addition, there is also an annular water spray device to cool the local structure of the arc additive component. At present, this method of dissipating heat through direct contact between gas or liquid and the component is the most convenient and efficient method, but since the electron beam needs to be in a vacuum environment Working under the environment, and gas and water will affect the vacuum in the vacuum chamber, so this cooling method is not suitable for electron beam additive manufacturing

In addition, according to the characteristics of electron beam additives, it is proposed to pass liquid metal gallium into the water tank, so that the gallium can directly contact the components for heat dissipation. This method can ensure that the heat dissipation efficiency can be improved under the premise of high vacuum; but gallium is expensive, and in the There will be losses during the additive process, resulting in increased printing costs

And gallium can react with aluminum alloy, resulting in embrittlement of aluminum alloy. On the one hand, it will lead to the failure of aluminum alloy mechanical parts in the water tank. On the other hand, this cooling method is not suitable for the preparation of aluminum alloy, so this cooling method has certain limitations.

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