Compositions and methods for detection of antibody binding to cells

Abstract

The invention includes Rh(D) binding proteins, including antibodies, and DNA encoding such proteins. Methods of generating such proteins and DNAs are also included.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application is entitled to priority pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. provisional patent application 60 / 081,380, which was filed on Apr. 10, 1998, and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08 / 884,045, filed Jun. 27, 1997, which application is entitled to priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60 / 028,550, filed on Oct. 11, 1996.GOVERNMENT SUPPORT [0002] This invention was supported in part by a grant from the U.S. Government (NIH Grant No. P50-HL54516) and the U.S. Government may therefore have certain rights in the invention.FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0003] The field of the invention is generation of binding proteins. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0004] The ability to produce monoclonal antibodies has revolutionized diagnostic and therapeutic medicine. Monoclonal antibodies are typically produced by immortalization of antibody-producing mouse lymphocytes thus ensuring an endless supply...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

In addition, there exists certain situations where, for diagnostic purposes, it is essential that human antibodies be used because other animals are unable to make antibodies against the antigen to be detected in the diagnostic method.

For example, in order to determine the Rh phenotype of human red blood cells (RBCs), human sera that contains anti-Rh antibody must be used since other animals cannot make an antibody capable of detecting the human Rh antigen.

The production of human antibodies in vitro by immortalizing human B lymphocytes using Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-mediated transformation or cell fusion has been fraught with technical difficulties due to the relatively low efficiency of both EBV-induced transformation and cell fusion when compared with the murine system.

There are several difficulties associated with the generation of antibodies using bacteriophage.

For example, many proteins cannot be purified in a non-denatured state, in that purification procedures necessarily involve solubilization of protein which may render some proteins permanently denatured with concomitant destruction of antigenic sites present thereon.

Such proteins thus cannot be bound to a solid phase and therefore cannot be used to pan for phage bearing antibodies which bind to them.

However, it was discovered that since phage are inherently “sticky” and RBCs express a multitude of antigens on the cell surface, a sufficient amount of phage which do not express the appropriate antibody on the surface also adhere to the RBCs, thus rendering the method impractical for isolation of phage which express antibody of desired specificity.

The isolation of fluorescently labeled cells is accomplished using the technique of fluorescently-activated cell sorting (FACS), an expensive and time-consuming procedure.

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