The invention discloses a transport preservation fluid for umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. The transport preservation fluid is prepared from the following raw materials: a sodium chloride injection, alpha-mangostin, hesperidin, parthenolide, glucose, adenosine and sodium dihydrogen phosphate. The transport preservation fluid for umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells takes the sodium chloride injection as a main component, does not contain blood products such as serum, human serum albumin and the like, and has clear and safe components. Three components of alpha-mangostin, hesperidin and parthenolide are also added as protective agents, so that the cell membrane is protected, the situation that the cell internal space structure is disordered due to the fact that the local electrolyte concentration of the cell is increased after the cell is cooled is avoided, the cell is enabled to quickly adapt to a low-temperature environment, and cell inactivation is avoided. The invention further provides a transport preservation method of the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, by adopting the transport preservation fluid, short-term preservation of the cells at 4-8 DEG C is achieved, the survival rate of the cells after being preserved for 3 days is 90% or above, and clinical use requirements are fully met.