The invention discloses an image encoding, recognizing and tracking method, system and device and a storage medium. The image encoding method comprises: selecting N target graphs; performing encodingat a set position of a connecting line of any two target graphs to generate encoding information corresponding to the connecting line; and generating a target image including the encoding informationand the N target graphs. According to the method, the robot can uniquely identify the target image from one frame of image, and even if other obstacles are shielded in the identification process, following is not influenced; once the target object is lost, the target object can be quickly identified again, the condition of tracking the target object by mistake is avoided, and the method has the advantages of high calculation efficiency, high identification speed, timely response, low cost, no interference from the environment, capability of realizing tracking anytime and anywhere, no information leakage and the like.