A downhole
power generation system (10) comprising a pressure chamber
assembly (12) having a first movable element (14, 48, 49) which at least partially encloses a first variable volume chamber (V1A) and a second movable element (16, 48', 49') which at least partially encloses a second variable volume chamber (V1B), each movable element (14, 48, 49, 16, 48', 49') having an exterior surface and an interior surface, and the first and second variable volume chambers (V1A, V1B) being connected by a conduit (18) so that they together enclose a closed volume (V1) containing an incompressible fluid, the conduit (18) providing a path for flow of the incompressible fluid between the first variable volume chamber (V1A) and the second variable volume chamber (V1B) when the first and second movable elements (14, 48, 49, 16, 48', 49') move so that one of the first or second variable volume chamber (V1A, V1B) contracts and the other expands, the
system further comprising a generator device (20) which is located in the conduit (18), and which is configured to use the flow of incompressible fluid along the conduit (18) to generate power.