The invention discloses an energy-saving and environment-friendly water treatment filtering device which comprises a filtering tank, a water inlet pipe is installed at the top end of the filtering tank, a water outlet pipe is installed on the outer side, close to the bottom end, of the filtering tank, a control valve is installed on the inner side of the top end of the filtering tank, and two setsof collecting boxes are installed on the outer side of the filtering tank. A separating assembly and a backflow layer are installed on the inner side of the filtering tank, the backflow layer is located below the separating assembly, a rotating rod is installed at the bottom end of the filtering tank in a penetrating mode, a first motor is installed at the bottom end of the rotating rod, a sewagedischarging disc is installed on the outer side, close to the bottom end, of the rotating rod, and a plurality of cleaning rods are installed on the outer side of the rotating rod. A filter element is mounted at the bottom end of the inner side of the filtering tank. The filter element is protected against solid blockage and impact while the filtering efficiency is improved, sewage is automatically managed to be discharged according to the water level and the capacity of the device, the filtering process is simplified, meanwhile, the filter element is conveniently treated, and the service life of the filter element is prolonged.