Automatic measuring device and measuring method of elementary charge and electric quantity

Abstract

The invention relates to an automatic measuring device and a measuring method of elementary charge and electric quantity. The automatic measuring device comprises an aluminum alloy case, an oil drop box, a power switch with an indicator, a three-way switch, a voltage regulation knob, a timing button, a image data transmission line, a digital microscopy camera, a liquid crystal display, and a microcontroller circuit board. The microcontroller circuit board comprises a digital-to-analogue conversion circuit, a counter electrode drive circuit, a crystal oscillator circuit, an image processing circuit and a microcontroller. The automatic measuring device and the measuring method of the elementary charge and electric quantity achieve precise regulation of voltage between plate electrodes, overcome the defect that oil drops and stains are difficult to distinguish by a traditional device due to the fact that resolution ratios are low and definition is poor, and is capable of accurately measuring speed of uniform declination of the oil drops and automatically computing electric quantity of elementary charge and measurement errors.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a physical experiment device, in particular to a device and method for automatically measuring basic charge and electric quantity by an oil drop method. Background technique [0002] Millikan is a famous experimental physicist. On the basis of summarizing previous experiments, he started to measure the charge of electrons, and then changed to using tiny oil droplets as charged bodies, which confirmed the quantization of charges and completed the basic research. The measurement of electric charge. We call Millikan's method of measuring the basic electric charge the oil drop method. [0003] Although the operation of the experimental equipment used in traditional teaching to measure the basic electric charge by the oil drop method is relatively simple, due to the limitations of the instrument itself and the operational errors of the students, it is often impossible to obtain satisfactory measurement accuracy. The disadvantages ...

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Problems solved by technology

[0004] 1. The voltage adjustable accuracy between the two electrode plates in the oil drop box is limited, resulting in the oil drop gravity and electric field force between the plates in the experiment can not be exactly balanced, and the oil drop will drift slowly

[0005] 2. It is difficult for the experimenter to judge the moment when the oil droplet enters the uniform drop with the naked eye, resulting in the measurement error of the drop time and drop distance of the oil droplet, which in turn leads to the measurement error of the droplet velocity

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