Method of preventing and controlling non-point source pollution in mountainous/mid-mountainous rural areas by using ecological ditches and ponds system

Abstract

A method for preventing and treating mountainous and semi-mountainous area rural non-point source pollution through an ecological ditch and pond system comprises the following steps of firstly determining the actual area, the population, the breeding number, a surface runoff coefficient and a surface hardening coefficient of a village residential area; determining the sewage output of the village residential area; secondly transforming draining canals of the village residential area to enable the village residential area to be provided with only one water outlet; thirdly constructing a sewage flow dividing device, a homogenizing adjusting device and a harmless processing device at the sewage outlet of the village residential area. According to the method for preventing and treating the mountainous and semi-mountainous area rural non-point source pollution through the ecological ditch and pond system, systematic improvement is performed based on original natural ditches of mountainous and semi-mountainous area villages, and source collection, homogenizing adjustment and innocent treatment of the non-point source sewage of the villages are achieved, and the non-point source sewage enters downstream rivers and lakes after being utilized in the farmland, and influences of the mountainous and semi-mountainous area rural sewage on water bodies are effectively reduced.

Description

Technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution in mountainous / mid-mountainous rural areas by using an ecological ditches and pond system. Background technique [0002] Rural water environment refers to the general term for surface water bodies, soil water bodies and ground water bodies such as rivers, lakes and marshes, ditches, ponds, reservoirs, etc. distributed in the vast rural areas (Duan Zhongqing. The causes and treatment of non-point source pollution in my country's rural areas[J].Wuxi Occupation Journal of the Institute of Technology, 2004, 3(3):49-51). The rural water environment is not only the vascular system of the rural land, which regulates the use of crops for rain, flood, drought and flood, but also the source of life for rural production. Therefore, protecting the rural water environment is the basis for ensuring the de...

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Problems solved by technology

At present, the decentralized point source control model is adopted for rural non-point source pollution control, which is only limited to the collection and treatment of domestic sewage from rural residents, and does not take into account the non-point source sewage in residential areas (the nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants produced by domestic water in rural residential areas are residential areas. Nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in non-point sewage are a small part), and the main treatment technologies used are anaerobic, aerobic and facultative biological treatment methods (anaerobic digestion, hydrolytic acidification tank, UASB, etc.) with good treatment effects , but the amount of sewage treatment is small, and the investment cost is high, which is not suitable for large-scale promotion in rural areas; biological treatment methods under natural conditions (stabilization ponds, ecosystem ponds, artificial wetlands) have low sewage treatment costs and good treatment effects , which is superior to the traditional secondary treatment standard, but covers a large area, requires a long residence time of sewage, and is greatly affected by climate requirements, and is not suitable for application in cold winter areas; soil treatment methods (soil purification tank, rapid soil infiltration , soil slow infiltration) sewage treatment investment is small, the treatment effect is good, but it also covers a large area, has requirements for soil texture, and is affected by climate

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