Vaccine immunotherapy for immune suppressed patients

a technology for immune suppressed patients and vaccines, applied in the field of vaccine immunotherapy, can solve the problems of sporadic and generally minor successful efforts, inability to immunize on a consistent basis, and inability to achieve consistent immunization, so as to promote differentiation and maturation of immature dendritic cells, and restore t-cell immunity.

Inactive Publication Date: 2005-07-14
IRX THERAPEUTICS
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0016] In accordance with the present invention there is provided a method for overcoming immune depression by inducing production of naive T cells and restoring T-cell immunity. That is the present invention provides an immune restoration. The present invention further provides a method of vaccine immunotherapy including the steps of inducing production of naive T cells and exposing the naive T cells to endogenous or exogenous antigens at an appropriate site. Additionally, the present invention provides a method for unblocking immunization at a regional lymph node by promoting differentiation and maturation of immature dendritic cells at a regional lymph node and allowing presentation of processed peptides by resulting mature dendritic cells, thus exposing tumor peptides to T cells to gain immunization of the T cells. Additionally, the present invention provides a method of treating cancer and other persistent lesions by administering an effective amount of a natural cytokine mixture as an adjuvant to endogenous or exogenously administered antigen of the cancer or other persistent lesions.

Problems solved by technology

It has become increasingly apparent that human cancers have antigens which, if reacted upon by the host's immune systems, lead to tumor regression.
However, historically, successful efforts have been sporadic and generally minor in frequency and magnitude.
A fundamental problem in the effort to immunize cancer patients is that the tumor-bearing state is associated with immunosuppressive mechanisms derived from both the tumor and the host's disturbed immune system (Kavanaugh D Y, et al, Hematol-Oncol Clinics of North Amer 10(4):927-951, 1996), thereby making immunization difficult and until now impossible on a consistent basis.
However, all of these strategies are complex and deviate significantly from the conventional immunization strategies used for infectious diseases (Weber J. Tumor, Medscape Anthology 3:2, 2000).
However, use of this vaccine in patients with metastatic breast and ovarian cancer has yielded major clinical responses in a low percentage of patients.
It is generally considered ineffective in squamous cell head and neck and cervical cancer and in prostate cancer.
The latter is nearly impossible on a routine basis despite 30 years of intense effort.
Nevertheless, the success rate of such treatments is negligible and inconsistent (<30%).

Method used

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  • Vaccine immunotherapy for immune suppressed patients
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  • Vaccine immunotherapy for immune suppressed patients

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

[0094] All steps relating to cell culture are performed under sterile conditions. General methods of cellular immunology not described herein are performed as described in general references for Cellular immunology techniques such as Mishell and Shiigi (Selected Methods in Cellular Immunology, 1981) and as are known in the art.

Preparation of Natural Cytokine Mixture (NCM)

[0095] The buffy coat white cells of human blood from multiple HIV− negative hepatitis virus-negative donors is collected. In an alternative embodiment, animals could be the cell source for veterinary uses. The cells from the donors are pooled and layered on ficoll hypaque gradients (Pharmacia) to yield lymphocytes free of neutrophils and erythrocytes. Alternative methods could be used that would result in the same starting lymphocyte population as are known in the art.

[0096] The lymphocytes are washed and distributed in X vivo-10 media (Whittaker Bioproducts) to surface activated cell culture flasks for selecti...

example2

[0135] There is shown that local perilymphatic injections in the neck having NCM plus low dose cyclophosphamide, indomethacin, and zinc and induced clinical regressions in a high percentage of patients with squamous cell head and neck cancer (H&NSCC) (Hadden J W, et al., Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 120:395-403, 1994; Meneses A, et al., Arch Pathol Lab Med 122:447-454, 1998; Barrera J, et al., Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 126:345-351, 2000) with evidence of improved, recurrence-free survival. Overall, including minor response (25%-50%) tumor shrinkage and reduction of tumor in pathological specimens, over 90% responded and the majority had greater than 50% tumor reduction.

[0136] These responses were speculated to be mediated by immune regression since both B and T lymphocytes were observed infiltrating the tumors. The therapy was not associated with significant toxicity.

[0137] Several unpublished observations serve to document this speculation and lead to the present invent...

example 3

[0147] Two patients were treated with lymphoma of the head and neck.

[0148] The patients included were those with head and neck cancer who agreed to participate in the protocol. The following scheme was followed:

[0149] Before treatment, the patients were skin-tested with NCM 0.1 ml subcutaneously in the forearm, the region was marked, and 24 hrs. later the test was read. The test was considered positive if the induction and erythema was equal or larger than 3 mm.

[0150] Each cycle of NCM was for 21 days as follows: [0151] Day 1: Low dose cyclophosphamide (300 mg / m2i.v.) [0152] Day 1-21: Indomethacin 25 mg p.o. 3 times daily Zinc sulfate 50 mg p.o. once daily [0153] Day 3-12: NCM 200 units five as 1 ml subcutaneously perilymphatic in the neck.

Case #1

[0154] The patient was a 23-year-old male who presented on with a prior history of three months of the presence of a tumor on the left submaxillary region, with no other symptoms. In the emergency room, he was found to have lymph aden...

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Abstract

A method for overcoming mild to moderate immune suppression includes the steps of inducing production of naïve T-cells and restoring T-cell immunity. A method of vaccine immunotherapy includes the steps of inducing production of naïve T-cells and exposing the naïve T-cells to endogenous or exogenous antigens at an appropriate site. Additionally, a method for unblocking immunization at a regional lymph node includes the steps of promoting differentiation and maturation of immature dendritic cells at a regional lymph node and allowing presentation of processed peptides by resulting mature dendritic cells, thus, for example, exposing tumor peptides to T-cells to gain immunization of the T-cells. Further, a method of treating cancer and other persistent lesions includes the steps of administering an effective amount of a natural cytokine mixture as an adjuvant to endogenous or exogenous administered antigen to the cancer or other persistent lesions.

Description

CROSS-RELATED REFERENCE SECTION [0001] This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. Section 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 243,912, filed Oct. 27, 2000, which is incorporated herein by reference.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] 1. Technical Field [0003] The present invention relates to vaccine therapy for cancer patients. More specifically, the present invention relates to a vaccine immunotherapy which immunizes cancer patients, having immune suppression, to both endogenous and exogenous tumor peptides or proteins. [0004] 2. Background Art [0005] It has become increasingly apparent that human cancers have antigens which, if reacted upon by the host's immune systems, lead to tumor regression. These antigens have been defined by both serological and cellular immune approaches. This has lead to the definition of both B and T cell epitopes (Sahin U, et al, Curr Opin Immunol 9:709-715, 1997; Van der Eynde, B, et al. Curr Opin Immunol 9:684-693, ...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A61K45/00A61K31/192A61K31/365A61K31/405A61K31/415A61K31/664A61K38/00A61K38/19A61K39/00A61K39/39A61P31/00A61P35/00C12N15/19C12P21/08
CPCA61K39/0011A61K45/06A61K2039/5154A61K2039/5158A61K2039/55522A61K38/191A61K38/20A61K38/21A61K39/39A61K31/496A61K31/5383A61K38/2086A61K38/217A61K31/664A61K31/405A61K31/675A61K38/2053A61K38/204A61K38/2013A61K38/2006A61K38/193A61K2300/00A61P31/00A61P31/04A61P35/00A61P37/02A61P37/04A61P37/06A61P37/08A61P43/00
Inventor HADDEN, JOHN W.
Owner IRX THERAPEUTICS
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