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Immunotherapy for reversing immune suppression

a technology of immune suppression and immunotherapy, applied in the field of immunotherapy and vaccine immunotherapy, can solve the problems of sporadic and generally minor successful efforts, inability to consistently carry out immunization, and inability to reverse tumor regression, so as to promote differentiation and maturation of immature dendritic cells, and restore t cell immunity.

Inactive Publication Date: 2011-02-24
IMMUNO RX
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0016]In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for overcoming immune depression by inducing production of naïve T cells and restoring T cell immunity. That is, the present invention provides an immune restoration. The present invention further provides a method of vaccine immunotherapy including the steps of inducing production of naïve T cells and exposing the naïve T cells to endogenous or exogenous antigens at an appropriate site. Additionally, the present invention provides a method for unblocking immunization at a regional lymph node by promoting differentiation and maturation of immature dendritic cells at a regional lymph node and allowing presentation of processed peptides by resulting mature dendritic cells, thus exposing tumor peptides to T cells to gain immunization of the T cells. Additionally, the present invention provides a method of treating cancer and other persistent lesions by administering an effective amount of a natural cytokine mixture as an adjuvant to endogenous or exogenously administered antigen to the cancer or other persistent lesions.

Problems solved by technology

It has become increasingly apparent that human cancers have antigens, which, if reacted upon by the host's immune systems, lead to tumor regression.
However, historically, successful efforts have been sporadic and generally minor in frequency and magnitude.
A fundamental problem in the effort to immunize cancer patients is that the tumor-bearing state is associated with immunosuppressive mechanisms derived from both the tumor and the host's disturbed immune system (Kavanaugh, D Y, et al., Hematol-Oncol Clinics of North Amer., 10(4):927-951 (1996)), thereby making immunization difficult, and until now, impossible on a consistent basis.
However, all of these strategies are complex and deviate significantly from the conventional immunization strategies used for infectious diseases (Weber, J Tumor Medscape Anthology, 3:2 (2000)).
However, use of this vaccine in patients with metastatic breast and ovarian cancers has yielded major clinical responses in a low percentage of patients.
It is generally considered ineffective in squamous cell head and neck cancer, cervical cancer, and in prostate cancer.
The latter is nearly impossible on a routine basis despite 30 years of intense effort.
Nevertheless, the success rate of such treatments is negligible and inconsistent (<30%).

Method used

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  • Immunotherapy for reversing immune suppression
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Examples

Experimental program
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Effect test

example 1

[0116]All steps relating to cell culture are performed under sterile conditions. General methods of cellular immunology not described herein are performed as described in general references for cellular immunology techniques such as Mishell and Shiigi (Selected Methods in Cellular Immunology (1981)) and as are known in the art.

[0117]Preparation of Natural Cytokine Mixture (NCM)

[0118]The buffy coat white cells of human blood from multiple HIV-negative hepatitis virus-negative donors is collected. In an alternative embodiment, animals are the cell source for veterinary uses. The cells from the donors are pooled and layered on ficoll hypaque gradients (Pharmacia) to yield lymphocytes free of neutrophils and erythrocytes. Alternative methods could be used that would result in the same starting lymphocyte population as are known in the art.

[0119]The lymphocytes are washed and distributed in X vivo-10 media (Whittaker Bioproducts) to surface activated cell culture flasks for selection of ...

example 2

[0164]There is shown that local perilymphatic injections in the neck having NCM plus low dose cyclophosphamide, indomethacin, and zinc induced clinical regressions in a high percentage of patients with squamous cell head and neck cancer (H&NSCC) (Hadden J W, et al., Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 120:395-403 (1994); Meneses A, et al., Arch Pathol Lab Med 122:447-454 (1998); Barrera J, et al., Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 126:345-351 (2000)) with evidence of improved, recurrence-free survival. Overall, including minor response (25%-50%) tumor shrinkage and reduction of tumor in pathological specimens, over 90% responded and the majority had greater than 50% tumor reduction.

[0165]These responses were speculated to be mediated by immune regression since both B and T lymphocytes were observed infiltrating the tumors. The therapy was not associated with significant toxicity.

[0166]Several unpublished observations serve to document this speculation and lead to the present invention.

[01...

example 3

[0176]Two patients were treated with lymphoma of the head and neck. The patients included were those with head and neck cancer who agreed to participate in the protocol. The following scheme was followed:

[0177]Before treatment, the patients were skin-tested with NCM 0.1 ml subcutaneously in the forearm, the region was marked, and 24 hours later, the test was read. The test was considered positive if the induction and erythema was equal or larger than 3 mm.

[0178]Each cycle of NCM was for 21 days, as follows:

Day 1Low dose cyclophosphamide (300 mg / m2 i.v.)Days 1-21Indomethacin 25 mg p.o. 3 times dailyZinc sulfate 50 mg p.o. once dailyDays 3-12NCM 200 units 5 as 1 ml subcutaneouslyperilymphatic in the neck

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Abstract

A method for overcoming immune suppression includes the steps of inducing production of naïve T cells and restoring T cell immunity. A method of vaccine immunotherapy includes the steps of inducing production of naïve T cells and exposing the naïve T cells to endogenous or exogenous antigens at an appropriate site. Additionally, a method for unblocking immunization at a regional lymph node includes the steps of promoting differentiation and maturation of immature dendritic cells at a regional lymph node and allowing presentation of processed peptides by resulting mature dendritic cells, thus, for example, exposing tumor peptides to T cells to gain immunization of the T cells. Further, a method of treating cancer and other persistent lesions includes the steps of administering an effective amount of a natural cytokine mixture as an adjuvant to endogenous or exogenous administered antigen to the cancer or other persistent lesions; preferably the natural cytokine mixture is administered in combination with thymosin α1.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. Section 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 344,509, filed Oct. 26, 2001, which is incorporated herein by reference.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]1. Technical Field[0003]The present invention relates to vaccine therapy for cancer patients and patients having persistent lesions, such as infections. More specifically, the present invention relates to a vaccine immunotherapy that immunizes patients, having immune suppression, to both endogenous and exogenous tumor peptides or proteins, as well as those derived from other persistent lesions.[0004]2. Background Art[0005]It has become increasingly apparent that human cancers have antigens, which, if reacted upon by the host's immune systems, lead to tumor regression. These antigens have been defined by both serological and cellular immune approaches. This has led to the definition of both B and T cell epitopes (...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A61K38/20A61K39/00A61K38/00A61K38/21A61P7/00C12N5/02A61K31/405A61K31/415A61K31/4402A61K31/664A61K38/19A61K38/22A61K39/39A61P31/04A61P35/00A61P37/04A61P43/00C12N5/08
CPCA61K38/19A61K39/0011A61K2039/5154A61K2039/5158A61K2039/55522A61K38/2292A61K2039/57A61K2039/55527A61K38/2013A61K39/39A61K2300/00A61P7/00A61P31/04A61P31/18A61P35/00A61P37/04A61P37/06A61P41/00A61P43/00
Inventor HADDEN, JOHN W.
Owner IMMUNO RX
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