The invention discloses a method for synthesizing cyclohexenone through the catalytic oxidation of cyclohexene. The method comprises the following steps: adding reactants including cyclohexene, a solvent and a solid catalyst into a reactor to mix, and carrying out ultrasonic processing on the obtained mixture so as to form suspension liquid, wherein the solid catalyst is a carbon material, the carbon material is a carbon nanotube, a nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube, diamond, graphite or activated carbon, and the solvent is an organic solvent mutually soluble in cyclohexene and oxidation products thereof; heating the suspension liquid to 40-150 DEG C, feeding oxygen or air as an oxidant, and reacting 0.1-20 h at a pressure of 0.1-5 MPa; separating the obtained reaction mixture so as to obtain the solid catalyst and a liquid mixture containing a reaction product, unreacted reactants and the solvent; carrying out separation and purification to obtain a product cyclohexenone, mixing residual mother liquor with reaction raw materials and then returning the mixture to the reactor. According to the invention, the used nonmetal catalyst is non-corrosive, environment-friendly, cheap, reusable, high in reaction selectivity, and good in activity.