The invention discloses a high-precision telescopic water area stratified sampling device for water quality monitoring. The device comprises a floating seat, a first sampling cylinder, a second sampling cylinder, a water storage bin and a scraping blade, a driving impeller is arranged on the side surface of the floating seat, a second reel is fixed at the upper end of a rotating shaft through a bolt, and a movable plate sleeves the outer side of the upper end of the rotating shaft; and a limiting hole is formed in the side face of the movable plate, a limiting block is arranged on the outer side of the inner wall of the water storage bin, a reset spring is connected between the limiting block and the water storage bin, and a second pull rope is connected between the floating plate and thesecond winding wheel. The high-precision telescopic water area stratified sampling device for water quality monitoring is provided with the multiple telescopic first sampling cylinder and second sampling cylinder, water samples of different depths in different water areas can be quantitatively collected, the sampling efficiency and precision are high, meanwhile, a filter screen mechanism can be automatically cleaned, blockage of the sampling mechanism is avoided, and operation is convenient and fast.