Rechargeable metal lithium secondary battery capable of preventing from generating lithium dendrites

A secondary battery and secondary lithium battery technology, applied in secondary batteries, lithium batteries, non-aqueous electrolyte batteries, etc., to achieve the effects of inhibiting lithium dendrite growth, improving safety performance, and increasing exchange speed

Inactive Publication Date: 2014-01-22
INST OF PHYSICS - CHINESE ACAD OF SCI
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

This patented technology solves problems with existing batteries that use metallic Lithium for their positive material but it has potential issues such as being prone to forming small dendrite structures called Li Ddyson or Lossing Cathode (LCO). These defects can lead to short circuits inside these cells leading to thermal runaway events causing damage. To solve this issue, researchers have developed different types of advanced materials like polymer gelled liquid crystals ("Gels") made from organopolymethyl moldings used during production processes. However, while some progressive improvements were achieved by adding more Gels compared to previous designs, they still had limitations when trying to prevent them altogether.

Problems solved by technology

This patented technical problem addressed in this patents relates to improving the safety characteristics for reusable lithium secondary cells while also maintaining their ability to operate at voltages above 3V without causing excessive heat buildup within them.

Method used

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  • Rechargeable metal lithium secondary battery capable of preventing from generating lithium dendrites
  • Rechargeable metal lithium secondary battery capable of preventing from generating lithium dendrites
  • Rechargeable metal lithium secondary battery capable of preventing from generating lithium dendrites

Examples

Experimental program
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Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0037] The lithium-sulfur battery system simulates the battery, and the specific process is as follows:

[0038] A high-safety non-aqueous electrolyte solution system that can prevent the generation of lithium dendrites in rechargeable metal lithium secondary batteries specifically uses organic electrolyte DOL:DME=1:1 (volume ratio), and the electrolyte is 7mol di(trifluoromethanesulfonyl ) Lithium imide, whose chemical formula is C 2 f 6 LiNO 4 S 2 Abbreviated as LiTFSI, the ratio of LiTFSI / DOL:DME=1:1 is 7mol / 1L, and the water content of the obtained electrolyte is less than 10ppm. The positive electrode material is a carbon-sulfur composite material, and the preparation process is as follows: mix porous carbon CMK-3 and sulfur powder at a weight percentage of 4:6, seal and airtight the argon-filled glass tube, and treat the raw material at 155 degrees for 24 hours. Weigh a certain amount of carbon-sulfur composite material, acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride (P...

Embodiment 5

[0060] The surface roughness of the lithium sheet that has not been recycled in Example 5 is uniform and smooth without any degree of corrosion as the lithium salt concentration increases.

[0061] According to the analysis results of scanning electron microscope images of Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4, it can be seen that the damage degree of the lithium sheet decreases continuously as the number of cycles increases. Compared with other examples 2, 2, 3 and 4, the lithium sheet corrosion in implementation 1 is the weakest, and dendrite growth is effectively inhibited.

[0062] Figure 7 It is a scanning electron microscope picture of the original surface morphology of the fresh metal lithium sheet that has not undergone a long cycle in Comparative Example 5. It can be seen that the surface of lithium sheets that have not been cycled is smooth and flat without any corrosion damage.

Embodiment 6

[0064] A method for preventing the generation of lithium dendrites in rechargeable metal lithium secondary batteries by high lithium salt concentration is applied to lithium-sulfur battery systems, and the specific process is as follows:

[0065] The electrolyte system uses 5mol LiTFSI / 1L (0.4L ionic liquid C 4 mpyTFSI and 0.6L DME), the resulting electrolyte water content is less than 10ppm. The positive electrode material is a carbon-sulfur composite material. Weigh a certain amount of carbon-sulfur composite material, acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) according to the weight percentage of 8:1:1, and use pyrrolidone as a dispersant to stir and mix them evenly. Using aluminum foil as the current collector, the mixed slurry is evenly coated on the current collector, then dried and cut into pole pieces with the same shape and area. The negative pole piece is made of lithium metal.

[0066] Ex-situ observation of metal lithium sheet, the specific process is as...

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Abstract

The invention discloses a rechargeable metal lithium secondary battery capable of preventing from generating lithium dendrites. The battery system consists of a lithium salt, a non-aqueous solvent and/or an electrolyte additive, wherein a ratio of mole of the lithium salt to volume of the non-aqueous solvent ranges from 2 mol/1L to 10 mol/1L. A proper system is selected, and the proportion of the salt and solvent in the system is regulated, so that the physical and chemical performances such as electrolyte lithium ion solvation degree and viscosity and physical and chemical performances of solid intermediate phase films generated on the surface of metal lithium in the electrochemical process are changed, growth of dendritic dendrites on the surface of metal lithium on the cathode due to non-uniform electrochemical deposition is effectively inhibited, and finally, the aim of improving the safety performance of the rechargeable metal lithium secondary battery is achieved.

Description

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Claims

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Application Information

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Owner INST OF PHYSICS - CHINESE ACAD OF SCI
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