A device and process for producing hydrogen-rich synthesis gas by thermal conversion of waste plastics

A technology of waste plastics and synthesis gas, which is applied in the manufacture of combustible gases, the petroleum industry, special forms of dry distillation, etc., can solve the problems of human hazards, secondary pollution, and low utilization rate of waste plastics, and achieve accelerated pyrolysis conversion rate and improved The effect of product quality and energy utilization optimization

Inactive Publication Date: 2018-04-10
DALIAN UNIV OF TECH
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Problems solved by technology

Plastics are mostly made of petroleum, which has high energy utilization value. The current technology focuses on the production of oil products from waste plastics. The process includes: thermal cracking, distillation, condensation, separation and other processes. The most important thing is to produce The quality of the oil taken is very poor, and the process produces serious secondary pollution
In terms of recycling energy from waste plastics, whether it is combustion and utilization of heat energy, or pyrolysis, gasification, etc., there are problems such as low utilization rate of waste plastics directly used and large amount of pollutants, especially because of low temperature and poor conversion. Completely produced complex chloride pollutants, such as dioxin, have caused great harm to humans
[0003] It is universally recognized that in the process of waste plastics thermochemical treatment, a single disposal technology will inevitably bring serious pollution problems, such as: simple pyrolysis of waste plastics, due to incomplete pyrolysis, the remaining solid residues form secondary pollution, simple gasification waste Plastics also form a large amount of harmful polluting gases. The carbon content and toxic and harmful elements in the gasification residues also cause huge environmental problems. Due to the complex characteristics of waste plastics, they will soften at lower temperatures. Currently, there is no gasification method for waste. Plastics enable stable, efficient operation
[0004] The patent application with the application number 201410848534.X discloses a preparation process of using waste plastics to produce fuel oil. First, the waste plastics are chopped and put into the pyrolysis tank, and the catalyst is added. The temperature is controlled to heat the materials in different temperature ranges to make them react. It proceeds slowly, collects distillate products at different temperature ranges, and finally condenses them into different distillate products. The process is very complicated, and the process cost is very high due to the addition of catalysts, and it is easy to produce secondary pollution

Method used

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  • A device and process for producing hydrogen-rich synthesis gas by thermal conversion of waste plastics
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  • A device and process for producing hydrogen-rich synthesis gas by thermal conversion of waste plastics

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Embodiment 1

[0050] Feed waste plastics into the device at a feed rate of 10kg / h, and control the temperature inside the horizontal tubular pyrolysis furnace 4 to 500°C under the action of water vapor and external heating for pyrolysis, and the pyrolysis part of the horizontal tubular pyrolysis furnace 4 The molar ratio of water vapor to carbon in waste plastics is H 2 O:C=1:1, the molar ratio H of the water vapor in the gasification part gasification furnace 14 to the carbon in the waste plastics 2 O:C=3:1, the molar ratio of calcium in the calcium oxide particles in the gasification furnace 14 to carbon in the waste plastics Ca:C=1.2:1, the gasification temperature is controlled at 600°C, and the particle size of the calcium oxide particles is 0.40 mm, the molar number of carbon and oxygen in the air in the pyrolysis solid residue entering the melting part C:O=1:1, the temperature in the molten pool is controlled at 1500°C, the system operates continuously for 1 hour, and the gas composi...

Embodiment 2

[0052] Feed waste plastics into the device at a feed rate of 20kg / h, and control the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace to 400°C under the action of water vapor and external heating for pyrolysis. The molar ratio of carbon in the plastic is H 2 O:C=1:2, the molar ratio H of water vapor in the gasification partial gasification furnace 14 and carbon in waste plastics 2 O:C=5:1, the amount of calcium oxide sprayed is based on the molar ratio of calcium to carbon in waste plastics Ca:C is 1.5:1, the gasification temperature is controlled at 550°C, and the particle size of calcium oxide particles is 0.50mm. The molar number of carbon and oxygen in the air in the pyrolysis solid residue entering the melting part is C:O=1:1, the temperature in the molten pool is controlled at 1400°C, the system is continuously operated for 1 hour, and the gas composition of the product is analyzed by GC. The result is as image 3 As shown, the calculated average volume concentration of the produc...

Embodiment 3

[0054] Feed waste plastics into the device at a feed rate of 30kg / h, and control the temperature inside the horizontal tubular pyrolysis furnace 4 to 550°C under the action of water vapor and external heating for pyrolysis, and the pyrolysis part of the horizontal tubular pyrolysis furnace 4 The molar ratio of water vapor to carbon in waste plastics is H 2 O:C=1:1.5, the molar ratio H of the water vapor in the gasification part gasification furnace 14 to the carbon in the waste plastics 2 O:C=3:1, the amount of calcium oxide sprayed is based on the molar ratio of calcium to carbon in waste plastics Ca:C is 1.2:1, the gasification temperature is controlled at 600°C, and the particle size of calcium oxide particles is 0.50mm. The molar number of carbon and oxygen in the air in the pyrolysis solid residue entering the melting part is C:O=1:1, the temperature in the molten pool is controlled at 1600°C, the system operates continuously for 1 hour, and the gas composition of the pro...

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Abstract

A device and process for producing hydrogen-rich synthesis gas by thermal conversion of waste plastics. The device includes a waste plastic horizontal tube furnace steam pyrolysis part, a high-temperature steam gasification part, a cyclone separation dust collector part and a high-temperature melting part. The present invention firstly pyrolyzes the waste plastics to generate pyrolysis mixed gas and solid residue; the pyrolysis mixed gas is converted into hydrogen-rich synthesis gas through CO2 adsorption enhanced water vapor gasification; The treatment of burnt-out combustible components also has the effect of completely destroying poisons; the residue discharged from the molten pool is used as building materials, which is safe to use, and the entire disposal process does not produce secondary pollution. It is an extremely thorough environmentally friendly energy conversion treatment of waste plastics technology.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy engineering, and relates to a device and a process method for producing hydrogen-rich synthesis gas and building materials by thermal conversion of waste plastics. Background technique [0002] my country's plastic production and consumption are huge, which not only facilitates people's lives, but also produces more than 12 million tons of plastic waste every year, and the problem of "white pollution" has become increasingly prominent. Plastics are mostly made of petroleum, which has high energy utilization value. The current technology focuses on the production of oil products from waste plastics. The process includes: thermal cracking, distillation, condensation, separation and other processes. The most important thing is to produce The quality of the oil taken is very poor, and the process produces serious secondary pollution. In terms of recycling energy from waste plastics, whether it is ...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Patents(China)
IPC IPC(8): C10J3/20C10J3/60C10B53/07
CPCY02P20/143
Inventor 豆斌林宋永臣蒋博王凯强杨明军张川
Owner DALIAN UNIV OF TECH
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