Squaring cells and multipliers using summed exponentials

a technology of exponentials and multipliers, applied in the field of rms-dc converters, can solve the problems of inability to provide an rms response in logarithmic amplifiers, and difficulty in performing accurate rms-dc conversion over a wide dynamic rang

Inactive Publication Date: 2005-06-16
ANALOG DEVICES INC
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Performing accurate RMS-DC conversions over a wide dynamic range has proven difficult, especially at RF frequencies of several GHz.
However, logarithmic amplifiers, including synchronous log amps, do not provide an RMS response.

Method used

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  • Squaring cells and multipliers using summed exponentials
  • Squaring cells and multipliers using summed exponentials
  • Squaring cells and multipliers using summed exponentials

Examples

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Embodiment Construction

[0032]FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic of an embodiment of a backbone of an RMS-DC converter 8 in accordance with the present invention. The system of FIG. 1 includes a first chain or series of gain stages 12A, a second series of gain stages 12B, a first series of four quadrant multipliers M1, M2, . . . MN, and a second series of weighting multipliers W1, W2, . . . WN which only need to operate in two quadrants.

[0033] The first series of gain stages are connected in a cascade arrangement and generate a first series of progressively amplified signals VkA (k=1 . . . N) in response to the input voltage VIN. Likewise, the second series of gain stages generate a second series of progressively amplified signals VkB (k=1 . . . N) in response to VIN. The signals V1A and V1B are simply the input voltage VIN (plus the noise from sources enA and enB as described below). The first series of multipliers are coupled to the first and second series of gain stages so that each multiplier Mk generat...

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Abstract

A squaring cell combines first and second exponential currents to approximate square law behavior. The exponential currents can be generated by current stacks having pairs of series-connected junctions. The exponential currents can be altered to change the shape of the exponential currents to better approximation true square law behavior. A multiplier combines four exponential currents to approximate a multiplication function. The exponential currents in the multiplier can be generated by current stacks that are cross-connected so as to generate two output currents, the difference of which represents the multiplication of two input signals.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional of prior U.S. application Ser. No. 10 / 192,115 filed Jul. 9, 2002, which is a divisional of prior U.S. application Ser. No. 09 / 473,309 filed Dec. 28, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,437,630 B1 issued Aug. 20, 2002, which are herein incorporated by reference.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] 1. Field of the Invention [0003] The present invention relates generally to RMS-DC converters, and more particularly, to RMS-DC converters, which utilize gain stages and variable weighting coefficients to provide a very wide measurement range. [0004] 2. Description of the Related Art [0005] RMS-DC converters are used to convert the RMS (root-mean-square) value of an arbitrary signal into a quasi-DC signal that represents the true power level of the signal. Various techniques have been devised for performing RMS-to-DC conversions at frequencies ranging from DC to several GHz, some of which are disclosed in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09 / 245,051 fil...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): G01R19/02G05F3/22G05F3/26H03G1/00
CPCG01R19/02H03G1/0088G05F3/265G05F3/222
Inventor GILBERT, BARRIE
Owner ANALOG DEVICES INC
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