Biodiesel motor fule additive composition

Abstract

Disclosed is a biodiesel fuel additive composition which accelerates combustion phenomenon, reduces ignition delay, and improves Cetane number, thereby lowering particulate emissions, and improving fuel economy in diesel engines.

Description

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION [0001] 1. Field of the Invention [0002] This invention relates to a biodiesel fuel additive composition for bulk addition to diesel fuel. More particularly, this invention relates to a biodiesel fuel additive composition comprising a fuel conditioner component comprising (i) a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon compound, and (ii) an oxygenated compatibilizing agent for use in bulk production of biodiesel fuels for improving performance, increasing Cetane number, and reducing emissions from diesel engines. [0003] Furthermore, this invention relates to a biodiesel fuel additive composition comprising: (a) a detergent component selected from the group consisting of (i) a reaction product component of a substituted hydrocarbon and an amino compound, and (ii) a polybutylamine or polyisobutylamine; and (b) a fuel conditioner component comprising (i) a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon compound, and (ii) an oxygenated compatibilizing agent for use in bulk production of biodies...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0015] A biodiesel fuel additive composition which accelerates the combustion phenomenon, reduces ignition delay and increases Cetane number while retaining engine performance comprising a mixture of: a fuel conditioner component comprising: (i) from about 10 to about 70 weight percent, based upon the total weight of the additive, of a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon having an average molecular weight in the range of about 200 to about 500, an acid number in the range of about 25 to about 175, and a saponification number in the range of about 30 to about 250, and (ii) from about 10 to about 70 weight percent, based upon the total of the additive, of an oxygenated compatibilizing agent preferably having a solubility parameter in the range of about 7.0 to about 14.0 and moderate to strong hydrogen capacity.

[0016] Another object of the present invention is directed to a biodiesel fuel additive composition that reduces particulate emissions and improves fuel economy while improving engine performance comprising a mixture of: (a) from about 10 to about 90 weight percent, based upon the total weight of the additive, of a detergent component selected from the group consisting of (i) a reaction product of: (A) a substituted hydrocarbon of the formula R1-X  (I) wherein R1 is a hydrocarbyl radical having a molecular weight in the range of about 150 to about 10,000, and X is selected from the group consisting of halogens, succinic anhydride and succinic dibasic acid, and (B) an amino compound of the formula H—(NH-(A)m)n-Y-R2  (II) wherein Y is O or NR5′R5 being H or a hydrocarbyl radical having 1-30 carbon atoms; A is a straight chain or branched chain alkylene radical having 1-30 carbon atoms; m has a value in the range of 1-15; n has a value in the range of 0-6; and R2 is selected from the group consisting of H, a hydrocarbyl radical having a molecular weight in the range of about 15 to about 10,000, and a homopolymeric or heteropolymeric polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula R3-((Q)a(T)b(Z)c)d-  (III) wherein R3 is H or a hydrocarbyl radical having 1-30 carbon atoms, Q, T, and Z are polyoxyalkylene moieties having 1-6 carbon atoms, a, b and c each have values ranging from 0-30, and d has a value in the range of 1-50, and (ii) a polybutylamine or polyisobutylamine of the formula where R11 is a polybutyl or polyisobutyl radical derived from isobutene and up to 20% by weight of n-butene and R12 and R13 are identical or different and are each hydrogen, an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, a primary or secondary, aromatic or aliphatic aminoalkylene radical or polyaminoalkylene radical, a polyoxyalkylene radical or a heteroaryl or heterocyclyl radical, or, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring in which further hetero atoms may be present; and (b) a fuel conditioner component comprising: (i) from about 10 to about 70 weight percent, based upon the total weight of the additive, of a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon having an average molecular weight in the range of about 200 to about 500, an acid number in the range of about 25 to about 175, and a saponification number in the range of about 30 to about 250, and (ii) from about 10 to about 70 weight percent, based upon the total of the additive, of an oxygenated compatibilizing agent preferably having a solubility parameter in the range of about 7.0 to about 14.0 and moderate to strong hydrogen capacity.

Problems solved by technology

Since biodiesel is produced from renewable domestically grown feedstock, it can reduce the use of petroleum-based diesel fuel and possibly lower the overall greenhouse gas emissions from the use of internal combustion engines.

The presence of impurities also affects the fuel properties.

Therefore, fuel related biodiesel properties are generally affected by the nature of the feedstock.

Besides the overall positive effect of biodiesel on emissions, there are many other issues that are relevant to the use of biodiesel in diesel engines since they influence engine performance and durability.

Some of the important issues are proper mixing of biodiesel in diesel fuel, loss of engine power, cold start problems, material compatibility, engine wear, and the effect on engine lubricating oil.

Hence using biodiesel without any change in the fuel injection system could result in a slight loss of engine power.

It has been reported that fuel filter plugging, the gum like accumulation in injection pumps, and injector cavitation may be responsible for power loss.

All of these problems are attributable to biodiesel fuel quality issues.

Biodiesel has higher Cloud and Pour point temperatures than diesel fuel, which can create starting problems in cold weather.

Biodiesel may not be compatible with certain materials that could lead to premature failure of some components such as fuel pumps, fuel lines, and valves.

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