System and method for compressor capacity modulation in a heat pump

Abstract

A system and method is provided to control and operate a compressor to have two or more discrete output capacities in response to an outdoor temperature measurement. During operation of the compressor in an air conditioning or cooling mode, the compressor has a first output capacity in response to the outdoor temperature being greater than a first temperature setpoint and the compressor has a second output capacity in response to the outdoor temperature being less than a second temperature setpoint. During operation of the compressor in a heating mode, the compressor has different output capacities based on the outdoor ambient temperature.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0001]The present invention relates generally to a control system for a compressor. More specifically, the present invention relates to a capacity modulation system for a compressor that can automatically adjust the capacity of the compressor in a heat pump during a heating operation.[0002]Frequently, motors for driving compressors in heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are designed to operate from standard line (main) voltages and frequencies (e.g., 230 V, 60 Hz) that are available at the location where the HVAC system is being operated. The use of line voltages and frequencies results in the motor being limited to one operating speed that is based on the input frequency to the motor. The operation of the motor at one speed, in turn, results in the compressor being limited to a single output capacity. Furthermore, motors that require their own controller or electronic drive, e.g., switched reluctance motors, cannot be used for these H...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0008]One advantage of the present invention is increased system performance, efficiency and capacity control at reduced outdoor ambient temperatures in both heating and cooling modes of operation.

[0009]A further advantage of the present invention is that the capacity modulation of the compressor is invisible when compared to a standard single stage compressor.

[0010]Another advantage of the present invention is that the motor drive can be used for different types of input power (i.e., multi-voltage and single phase or three phase) and with different types of compressors and motors.

[0011]An additional advantage of the present invention is that no additional starting components are needed, e.g., start capacitors and / or relays.

[0012]Another advantage of the present invention is that the compressor output can be tuned to a specific system incorporating the compressor.

Problems solved by technology

The use of line voltages and frequencies results in the motor being limited to one operating speed that is based on the input frequency to the motor.

The operation of the motor at one speed, in turn, results in the compressor being limited to a single output capacity.

Furthermore, motors that require their own controller or electronic drive, e.g., switched reluctance motors, cannot be used for these HVAC systems, as such motors cannot operate directly from standard (main) voltages and frequencies.

One problem with the compressor being limited to a single output capacity is that the compressor, especially a reciprocating compressor, has a limited heating capacity at reduced outdoor ambient temperatures.

This limited heating capacity produced by the compressor adversely affects the EER (Energy Efficiency Rating) and HSPF (Heating Season Performance Factor) of any system incorporating the compressor during testing and in subsequent operation of the system.

Furthermore, the limited heating capacity output of the compressor at reduced outdoor ambient temperatures requires additional (and more costly) heating techniques to be used to maintain a setpoint temperature in an enclosed space.

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