Use of secondary optical emission as a novel biofilm targeting technology

Abstract

Provided herein are methods and compositions useful for the treatment of periodontal disease exploiting optical and thermal emissions of near-infrared laser systems and fibers in order to target chromophore-stained biofilm while minimizing damage to healthy tissues.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application claims priority to U.S. Ser. No. 60 / 509,685 filed on Oct. 8, 2004.BACKGROUND[0002]1. Field of the Invention[0003]The present invention relates to live biofilm targeting and subsequent bacterial thermolysis for its eradication in the human body, utilizing secondary quantum optical and thermal emissions from the distal end of near infrared laser delivery fibers.[0004]2. Relevant Technologies[0005]To date, in excess of 300 different species of bacteria have been described in the human oral cavity (Moore W. E., The Bacteria of Periodontal Diseases, Periodontol. 2000). Most bacteria are found in dental plaque and in the sub-gingival periodontal and periimplant pockets. These sub-gingival bacteria have evolved to fight and inhibit the normal host defense system creating a unique ecological niche in the periodontal pocket.[0006]Subgingival bacteria find their nutrient base in the crevicular fluid of the periodontal pocket. Even ...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0021]The present invention provides a novel approach and compositions (including kits) to expand the therapeutic window of opportunity currently available with conventional dental solid state diode and Nd:YAG lasers in the near infrared spectrum to coagulate live biofilm and kill bacteria thermally without harming the healthy dental structures and tissues of the patient.

[0022]To accomplish biofilm coagulation and bacterial thermolysis with a laser (e.g., a dental diode or Nd:YAG laser), there is a small therapeutic window of opportunity available to eliminate the live biofilm and oral pathogenic bacteria from periodontal and periimplant sites. This is accomplished as the optical energy from the laser is converted to local thermal energy in the target site and tissue. Because this therapeutic window is so small, a method is presented to expand the range of the dental diode and Nd:YAG laser to make live biofilm coagulation and bacterial elimination through the thermal deposition of energy a safer and more predictable process. The present invention uses localized delivery of targeting chromophore for the live biofilm in the periodontal or periimplant site. This allows the two parameters, of (1) energy output of the laser and (2) time of laser application, to be lowered to accomplish the tasks of live biofilm coagulation and subsequent bacterial thermolysis in a safer environment.

Problems solved by technology

A newly regenerated periodontal ligament or epithelial barrier connected to the root of the tooth or implant will limit the space available for bacterial growth.

When dealing with implants, the disease is even more recalcitrant and difficult to eliminate, because of the unique and foreign three dimensional architecture and roughened surface of most commercial dental implants.

However, these pharmacological modalities have significant limitations because to be effective they must (a) reach the intended site of action (a deep three-dimensional pocket), (b) remain at an adequate concentration, and (c) last for a sufficient duration of time.

In addition, the majority of local antimicrobials used are bacteriostatic, and never fully eliminate periodontal and / or periimplant pathogens from the treatment site.

Not surprisingly, these local pharmacological modalities have been reported to have only marginal success rates (The Role of Controlled Drug Delivery for Periodontitis, Position Paper from AAP, 2000) and to have severe limitations ultimately leading to re-infection and continued disease progression.

Antibiotics may fail to even penetrate the biofilm and reach the causative bacteria if they are neutralized by resistant enzymatic reactions within the biofilm.

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