30 results about "Diesel cycle" patented technology

Methods of controlling emissions from a diesel engine are provided. The method includes contacting the emissions with a perovskite-type catalyst consisting essentially of a metal oxide composition represented by the general formula Aa-xBxMOb, in which A is a mixture originally in the form of single phase mixed lanthanides collected from bastnasite; B is a divalent or monovalent cation; M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of elements of an atomic number of from 22 to 30, 40 to 51, and 73 to 80; a is 1 or 2; b is 3 when a is 1 or b is 4 when a is 2; and x is a number defined by 0<x<0.7. The perovskite-type catalyst may be used to oxidize hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide and to control particulate emissions in the diesel exhaust.

The internal combustion engine relies on air injection for ignition instead of Otto cycle spark or Diesel cycle fuel injection. Cylinder pairs are connected by a cylinder-connecting valve, which opens near top-dead-center on the compression stroke injecting high-pressure air from one cylinder into a second cylinder containing an air-fuel mixture thereby inducing detonation ignition at top-dead-center. During the expansion stroke, the cylinder-connecting valve remains open and provides equal pressure on both cylinders, which is substantially higher than possible in an Otto cycle. Constant volume heat addition makes this engine more efficient than the Diesel cycle. Compared to conventional engines, the absence of spark ignition or high pressure fuel injectors makes this engine more economical, more reliable, and scalable down to small sizes where fuel metering limitations of Diesel fuel injectors become problematic. The engine can serve as a reactor for generating high temperature hydrogen to power high temperature fuel cells.

An internal combustion engine electrically ignites most of the fuel as it is introduced into the combustion chamber. This design solves the lower efficiency of typical Otto Cycle engines by allowing the use of a full air charge for each power cycle. This design also solves the problem of heavy duty designs required for existing diesel cycle engines by allowing relatively low compression ratios and therefore lighter weight engine designs. The engine design allows a wide range of fuel combustion properties, as it avoids a dependence on flame propagation through a combustible mixture, where fuel combustion properties control evaporation, rate of flame front propagation and the like. The engine design forces the combustion to be initiated as and at the rate the fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber.

A method for removing sediments in a heavy oil pipeline of a spare heat medium boiler includes the steps of (1) closing an inlet and outlet valve of a heavy oil booster pump, and moving away the heavy oil booster pump; (2) connecting a diesel circulation pump and a diesel cycle collecting tank to a position to which the heavy oil booster pump was connected before so as to form a cycle; (3) opening an inlet valve from the diesel cycle collecting tank to the diesel circulation pump, a reflux valve of a diesel collecting tank, and an inlet and an outlet valves of the original heavy oil booster pump; and (4) starting the diesel circulation pump to enable diesel to reciprocally cycle through the diesel circulation pump, a heavy oil heater, a pipeline and the diesel collection tank for 2-3 hours. The diesel is used for realizing cycling of a small closed system formed by a heavy oil system of a single spare fuel heat medium boiler, and such impurities as oil sludge existing in the pipeline of the spare fuel heat medium boiler and the heater are removed, and thus, unimpeded cycle of the heavy oil pipeline in the spare fuel heat medium boiler is guaranteed, and the spare fuel heat medium boiler can be successfully put into use at any time.

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine that comprises a first Brayton cycle comprising a mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) membrane that separates the O2 in the air such that the suctioned air current is free from N2; and a second Brayton cycle combined in a binary manner with the first Brayton cycle and nested with a cycle selected from an Otto cycle and a diesel cycle performed by means of oxy-fuel combustion. The second Brayton cycle transmits mechanical energy and thermal energy from exhaust gases to the first Brayton cycle. The first Brayton cycle provides to the second Brayton cycle compressed O2 from the MIEC membrane. By means of the present engine, the NOx emission of into the atmosphere, caused by the separation of N2 in the MIEC membrane, is prevented.

Fuel compositions based on biodiesel, lower alcohols and plant oil for feeding Diesel cycle engines, enabling more perfect burning, less emission of pollutants and less formation of internal deposits of impurities onto the inner surface of engines. Since the blends exhibit density similar to that of diesel oil, as well as chemical affinity for the latter (since it contains biodiesel, which performs the function of co-solvent), the present invention also relates to compositions of quaternary blends, that is, junction of the ternary blends proposed (biodiesel, lower alcohol and vegetable oil) with petroleum diesel in the most varied proportions. The preferred embodiment of this invention provides the replacement of fuel of non-renewable source (diesel oil) by others of renewable source, which are natural, non-toxic, biodegradable and that have excellent technical performance.

Diesel cycle fuel compositions are described containing at least one dianhydrohexitol compound according to the general formula 2 and / or itsderived hydrocarbyl ethers or nitric ethers compounds, where the R′ and R″ substituents are both H or one or both of R′ and R″ is alkyl, cycloalkyl or phenyl, or one or both are —NO2. A preferred fuel composition is that containing dimethyl isosorbide (DMI) added or not of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) as ignition improver. The dianhydrohexitols compounds form compositions with at least one of the components selected among petroleum-derived diesel fuel, biodiesel, ethanol and water. The mixture of DMI and ISDN has excellent cetane number (IQT). Still, the oxygenated nature of the dianhydrohexitols and related compounds of the fuel compositions inhibits soot formation upon burning of the said Diesel cycle fuel compositions.

This invention relates to bearings, and more specifically is directed to active hydrostatic bearings destined for large heavily loaded reciprocating internal combustion engines, like ultra high compression ratio Diesel cycle engines, and homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and detonation engines working on stoichiometric fuel / air mixture. A fluid handling system therefore, method and apparatus are also disclosed.

An internal combustion engine is disclosed and includes a main cylinder and main piston that are relatively axially displaceable along a main axis to define a variable volume main working chamber. At least one valve is configured to admit air and fuel into the working chamber forming an air / fuel mixture. The main cylinder is configured to cause the air / fuel mixture in the main cylinder to spin rapidly enough to cause a substantive change in the heat capacity of the air / fuel mixture creating a spinning air / fuel mixture. The main cylinder and main piston are configured to compress the spinning air / fuel mixture to create an ignitable spinning air / fuel mixture. The spinning air / fuel mixture is ignited and the main cylinder and main piston are configured to extract mechanical energy from the ignited spinning air / fuel mixture. An exhaust valve is configured to exhaust combustion products from the main working chamber.

A method for removing sediments in a heavy oil pipeline of a spare heat medium boiler includes the steps of (1) closing an inlet and outlet valve of a heavy oil booster pump, and moving away the heavy oil booster pump; (2) connecting a diesel circulation pump and a diesel cycle collecting tank to a position to which the heavy oil booster pump was connected before so as to form a cycle; (3) opening an inlet valve from the diesel cycle collecting tank to the diesel circulation pump, a reflux valve of a diesel collecting tank, and an inlet and an outlet valves of the original heavy oil booster pump; and (4) starting the diesel circulation pump to enable diesel to reciprocally cycle through the diesel circulation pump, a heavy oil heater, a pipeline and the diesel collection tank for 2-3 hours. The diesel is used for realizing cycling of a small closed system formed by a heavy oil system of a single spare fuel heat medium boiler, and such impurities as oil sludge existing in the pipeline of the spare fuel heat medium boiler and the heater are removed, and thus, unimpeded cycle of the heavy oil pipeline in the spare fuel heat medium boiler is guaranteed, and the spare fuel heat medium boiler can be successfully put into use at any time.

Diesel-cycle engines are known to have greater power, torque and efficiency compared to Otto-cycle engines of like displacement. When the fuel is a gaseous fuel, such as natural gas, a pilot fuel (such as diesel) is normally required to assist with ignition in a gaseous fuelled Diesel-cycle engine. It would be advantageous to reduce the power, torque and efficiency gap between a Diesel-cycle engine and a gaseous fuelled Otto-cycle engine. A combustion apparatus for a gaseous fuelled internal combustion engine comprises a combustion chamber defined by a cylinder bore, a cylinder head and a piston reciprocating within the cylinder bore. A diameter of the cylinder bore is at least 90 mm and a ratio between the diameter and a stroke length of the piston is at most 0.95. There is at least one intake passage for delivering a charge to the combustion chamber, and at least one intake valve is configured in the cylinder head and cooperates with the intake passage to create a predominant tumble flow motion in the combustion chamber.

The invention relates to the field of diesel engine fault diagnosis, and discloses a diesel engine instantaneous rotational speed measurement and cylinder flameout fault diagnosis device and method. The device mainly comprises a detection unit, a central processing unit, a display unit, an input unit and an auxiliary power supply, wherein the detection unit detects and acquires a instantaneous rotational speed signal and a top dead center signal of a diesel engine flywheel; the central processing unit calculates the instantaneous rotational speed according to the received signals, performs cylinder flameout fault diagnosis based on a PSO-BP diesel engine cylinder flameout fault recognition algorithm, determines the position of the fault cylinder, and sends the position information to the display unit, wherein the algorithm rapidity meets the utilization requirement of a test instrument based on an embedded mobile computing platform; the input unit inputs the flywheel tooth number of the diesel engine; and the auxiliary power supply supplies power to all the modules. According to the device, the rotational speed is accurately measured, and the cylinder flameout fault judgment is correct; and the device is utilized in large and medium diesel engines, tests the instantaneous rotational speed of the diesel engines on line, accurately diagnoses the diesel engine cylinder flameout faults, and can achieve digital measurement and remote monitoring management.

An atomizer of a fuel electro-injector is equipped with a nozzle and a valve needle having a head, which is coupled to a sealing seat of the nozzle, and stem, which engages an inner seat of the nozzle; the stem and the nozzle define an annular passageway with a chamber that axially terminates at the sealing seat; the stem has an intermediate portion coupled in an axially sliding manner in the inner seat and defining a plurality of channels, the outlets of which are arranged on the annular chamber; the sealing seat and the head of the valve needle define a discharge section, which is annular and has a width that increases as the opening stroke of the valve needle proceeds; the ratio between the depth and the outer chord of the minimum cross-section of the channels is greater than or equal to two.

The present invention relates to a process for obtaining a mixture of fatty acid esters, suitable as a combustible or fuel in diesel cycle engines, comprising: a) the obtaining of a microbial biomass with a triglyceride content equal to or greater than 20% by dry weight, by means of the use of an oleaginous microorganism using glycerin as a carbon source; and b) the conversion of the triglycerides contained in the biomass obtained in step a) into a mixture of fatty acid esters. The invention likewise relates to said oleaginous microorganism, to a process for its selection and to polynucleotides obtained therefrom.

The invention discloses an intelligent diesel engine cylinder balance adjusting algorithm based on approximate dynamic planning. The instant rotation speed of a four-cylinder diesel engine is sampled, the modulus sum being zero of first-order harmonic waves and second-order harmonic waves of discrete Fourier transform results of rotation speed data on a working circulation of the diesel engine serves as an optimization objective, a utility function is designed, input and output control variables are selected, an approximate dynamic planning controller is designed, and through learning, the oil spray amount of four cylinders of the diesel engine is self-adaptively adjusted to compensate for the torque differences of the cylinders, so that the four periodical waveforms on the working circulation of the diesel engine tend to be identical, and the rotation characteristic is stable. By the adoption of the algorithm, the oil spray amount of the cylinders of the diesel engine can be intelligently adjusted within a certain range to compensate for the rotation speed differences, caused by uncertain factors such as device differences, parameter changes, aging and abrasion, of the cylinders, and therefore the cylinder balancing effect is self-adaptively improved.

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine that comprises a first Brayton cycle comprising a mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) membrane that separates the O2 from the air such that the suctioned air current is free from N2; a second Brayton cycle combined in a binary manner with the first Brayton cycle and nested with a cycle selected from an Otto cycle and a diesel cycle performed by means of oxy-combustion. The second Brayton cycle transmits mechanical energy and thermal energy from exhaust gases to the first Brayton cycle. The first Brayton cycle provides to the second Brayton cycle compressed O2 from the MIEC membrane. By means of the present engine, the NOx emission into the atmosphere is prevented by the separation of N2 in the MIEC membrane.

The invention provides a reverse sequence medium-pressure hydrocracking-catalytic cracking combined process for producing clean fuel through circular refining of high-sulfur catalytic diesel oil, which is used to process heavy hydrocarbon materials to obtain middle distillates and provide hydrogenated materials for FCC units. The feature of the process is the reverse sequence medium oil hydrocracking process under the one-pass operation mode, that is, the raw material first passes through the cracking section and then passes through the refining section to produce wide-distillation diesel oil and hydrogenated unconverted oil used as feed to the downstream FCC unit. In particular, the feature of the process is to provide a cycle refining of FCC diesel, that is, to circulate the FCC diesel components back to the hydrorefining reactor for further refining to produce ultra-low sulfur clean diesel components in a maximum amount.

The invention relates to a balanced rotary engine consisting of a rotary engine comprising tangential pistons which improve engine performance, facilitate the lubrication of the engine components, enable the use thereof at high revolutions and condition same for two-stroke operation with full use of the combustion chamber, even with mixtures (diesel cycle) which explode spontaneously upon reachinghigh compressions with a suitable volume. According to the invention, the components are structured such that (i) the engine can also be self-powered and (ii) the air or mixture is drawn directly from the rear of the cylinder and, subsequently, injected into the combustion chamber of said cylinder or of the cylinder adjacent thereto.

An internal combustion engine is disclosed and includes a main cylinder and main piston that are relatively axially displaceable along a main axis to define a variable volume main working chamber. At least one valve is configured to admit air and fuel into the working chamber forming an air / fuel mixture. The main cylinder is configured to cause the air / fuel mixture in the main cylinder to spin rapidly enough to cause a substantive change in the heat capacity of the air / fuel mixture creating a spinning air / fuel mixture. The main cylinder and main piston are configured to compress the spinning air / fuel mixture to create an ignitable spinning air / fuel mixture. The spinning air / fuel mixture is ignited and the main cylinder and main piston are configured to extract mechanical energy from the ignited spinning air / fuel mixture. An exhaust valve is configured to exhaust combustion products from the main working chamber.