The invention provides a data transmission method in a radio link control layer acknowledged mode, which comprises the following steps: establishing a logical channel message queue for a logical channel between a transmitting side and a receiving side; when the transmitting side transmits data through a first logical channel, transmitting the data after packeting and segmenting the data; after the receiving side receives the data packets, analyzing the data packets which pass through the valid detection, storing the data packets in the receiving cache queue or resegmenting queue of a second logical channel according to the analysis result, updating the parameters of a receive window, and submitting the data packets after the data packets satisfy the requirements; desegmenting and depacketing the data packets submitted by a submission queue, submitting the recombined integrated service data unit to an upper layer, constructing a status report, and transmitting the status report to the transmitting side; and after the transmitting side receives and analyzes the status report, processing the status report, and retransmitting the data when detecting loss or transmitting errors in the previously transmitted data packets according to the status report.