Fertilizing method of enhancing wheat nitrogen use efficiency and lodging resistance

Abstract

The invention discloses a fertilizing method of enhancing wheat nitrogen use efficiency and lodging resistance. The fertilizing method of enhancing the wheat nitrogen use efficiency and the lodging resistance comprises the following steps: 1, fertilizing with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer before seeding; 2, determining normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) value in an arising period and a jointing stage, conducting variable rate fertilization according to magnitude of the NDVI value, and improving potassium element application rate; 3, in the middle and later periods of wheat grouting, spraying KH2PO4 on leaves. By improving base fertilizer and fertilizing strategy (reducing base fertilizer application rate, especially reducing nitrogen element application; converting traditional phosphorus and potassium basal application to basal and fertilizing application ), the fertilizing method of enhancing the wheat nitrogen use efficiency and the lodging resistance utilizes K+ free of volatility and relative low in drip washing performance to promote absorption of the wheat on soil NO3- strong in leachability, and improves utilization efficiency of the wheat nitrogen element. Meanwhile, by improving the potassium element application rate, the fertilizing method of enhancing the wheat nitrogen use efficiency and the lodging resistance promotes mechanical strength of a stalk, and strengthens the wheat lodging resistant performance.

Description

Technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant growth and nutritional status monitoring, and particularly relates to a fertilization method that uses a normalized vegetation index (NDVI) to guide nitrogen application during wheat growth and development to improve nitrogen utilization and lodging resistance. Background technique [0002] The jointing stage of wheat is a critical period for the development of wheat stalks, which determines its mechanical strength. The decomposition of a large amount of organic matter stored in stalks during the later growth period is also an important factor in changing the mechanical strength of stalks. If the mechanical strength of the stalk is weak and the lodging resistance of the plant is low, the final wheat yield will be severely damaged. According to research, lodging can reduce wheat grain yield by more than 30% (Vera et al., 2012; Wiersma et al., 2011). Although wheat scientists have done a lot of work on t...

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Problems solved by technology

The world consumes 87,000,000 tons of N fertilizer every year, 60% of which is used for the production of cereal crops. However, the nitrogen use efficiency of cereal crops is only 33% (Alexandratos, 1995)

The problem of reduced N fertilizer utilization rate and serious loss caused by excessive application of N fertilizer is also becoming more and more serious. What is more serious is the large amount of NO accumulated in the soil. 3 - Pollution to groundwater (Ju Xiaotang, 2003); on the other hand, in a high-N growth environment, free N in wheat leaves increases correspondingly, which induces an increase in the conversion of photosynthetic product carbohydrates into protein, which affects the mechanical strength of stems, internodes The meristem cells become longer and the cell walls become thinner, so the plants are prone to lodging and the incidence of pests and diseases is increased (Yu Zhenwen et al., 1995)

Jing Changqin et al. (2003) also pointed out that with the increase of N application rate, the proportion of basal internodes and sub-panicle internodes is uncoordinated, the filling degree of basal internodes is not enough, and the C / N ratio of stems is too low, which makes the wheat lodging The increase of N utilization rate has become the main factor for the low N utilization efficiency of wheat

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