The invention discloses a thrombus aspiration catheter with the spiral cutting bolt breaking function, and belongs to the technical field of medical apparatus and instruments. The catheter comprises apipe base, a double-cavity pipe, a protective shell, a transmission pipe and a cutting tool; the pipe base is provided with a first connecting end, a second connecting end and a third connecting end,a blind hole is formed in the first connecting end of the pipe base, a pipe hole is formed in the bottom of the blind hole, and a diversion hole is formed in the third connecting end of the pipe base; the double-cavity pipe comprises a pipe body which is internally provided with a first channel and a second channel, one end of the pipe body is inserted into the blind hole, the axis of the first channel coincides with the axis of the pipe hole, the second channel is communicated with the diversion hole, the protective shell is arranged at the end, away from the pipe base, of the pipe body, a through hole is formed in the side wall of the protective shell, a transmission pipe penetrates through the pipe hole and the first channel, one end of the transmission pipe extends into the protectiveshell, and a cutting tool is arranged at the end, located in the protective shell, of the transmission pipe. Accordingly, the structure is simple, convenience is brought to use, the safety is good, and operative complications can be greatly lowered.