Solar-powered seawater desalination device

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar-powered seawater desalination device which comprises a heat collection unit, a water production unit and a tail-end condensation unit, wherein the heat collection unit comprises a heat collection pipe and a steam drum; the water production unit comprises a four-level spontaneous-flow type evaporation condensation device; the first to the fourth levels of the spontaneous-flow type evaporation condensation device are of the same structure; the working temperature of each level is controlled through a throttling pressure reducing valve between the levels, and step-by-step cooling condensation of the steam in a non-negative pressure condition is realized; the heat collection unit, the water production unit, the tail-end condensation unit and a collection device are sequentially connected; the heat collection unit generates water steam; and the steam of each level spontaneously flows and passes the four-level steam condensation device of the water production unit under the drive of pressure difference and then enters the tail-end condensation device to form fresh water. Due to the hydrodynamic force for spontaneous flow of the fluid under the drive of pressure difference, a power pump and a vacuum pump are not needed; and the device has the advantages of simple structure, environmental friendliness, low energy consumption and high efficiency of seawater desalination.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the field of solar energy utilization, in particular to a solar seawater desalination device. Background technique [0002] Fresh water is one of the basic materials for the survival and development of human society. However, with the continuous development of human civilization and continuous progress of society, the shortage of water resources has become a major problem facing human beings in the 21st century. The earth's surface area is about 510 million square kilometers, of which the ocean area accounts for 70.8%. From this, it can be seen that the earth's water resources are very rich, but due to the high salinity, the seawater that cannot be directly drunk or irrigated occupies the earth. More than 97% of the total water, and less than 3% of the fresh water, 3 / 4 are frozen in the two poles of the earth and the glaciers in the alpine regions; the situation of water resources in my country is even more unoptimistic, as one ...

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Problems solved by technology

For example, the Chinese application number is 01240510.8 utility model patent, its multi-effect evaporation technology patent generally adopts metal tube horizontal tube or vertical tube falling film evaporation multi-effect recuperation type (), multi-effect flash evaporation technology must use vacuum pump to maintain multi-stage Negative pressure operation in the evaporator; Chinese invention patent ZL200510042840.5), this type of structure is mature for large-scale seawater desalination devices, but it is difficult to use in miniaturized solar steam condensation devices; and these solar desalination devices must use vacuum pumps Maintain low pressure operation, so the sealing requirements of the device are very high, and the vacuum pump is relatively expensive, it is easy to be damaged if it works intermittently for a long time, and it is difficult to maintain a stable operating pressure; in addition, the temperature of the existing solar collector is not high It is also one of the main reasons why the total thermal efficiency and evaporation efficiency of solar desalination devices are low, and it is difficult to commercialize; in addition, traditional solar desalination devices also need other power pumps for transporting working fluids. Like vacuum pumps, these power components consume a lot of electric energy , and the places where the solar steam condensing device is most expected to be applied, such as islands and fishing boats, are precisely the places that lack electricity. At present, no small and medium-sized solar desalination devices have been put into commercial use.

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