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Electrolyte additive and application thereof

An electrolyte additive and lithium metal battery technology, applied in organic electrolytes, non-aqueous electrolytes, circuits, etc., can solve the problems of unsatisfactory suppression effects, improve actual energy density, suppress lithium dendrites, and improve Coulombic efficiency Effect

Active Publication Date: 2016-08-17
TSINGHUA UNIV
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Although the above research ideas can inhibit the dendrite growth of lithium metal anodes under certain conditions, when the current increases, the inhibitory effect is often not satisfactory.

Method used

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Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0016] The positive electrode of the lithium metal battery is sulfur, the negative electrode is metal lithium, the electrolyte is lithium hexafluorophosphate, ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate solution, and the electrolyte additive is 0.5mol / L Li 2 S. Electrochemical tests were performed on the above energy storage system, and the results showed that at 1 mA cm -2 Under the current density of 1000, the lithium metal anode has no dendrites in the cycle range of 100 cycles, and the single-cycle Coulomb efficiency is stably maintained at 85%.

Embodiment 2

[0018] The positive electrode of the lithium metal battery is lithium iron phosphate, the negative electrode is lithium metal, the electrolyte is lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1,3-dioxane and 1,2-dimethoxyethane solution, and electrolyte additives is 5mol / L Li 2 S 2 and 2 wt.% lithium nitrate. Electrochemical tests were performed on the above energy storage system, and the results showed that at 10 mA cm -2 Under the current density of 1000, the lithium metal anode has no dendrites in the cycle range of 1000 cycles, and the single-cycle Coulomb efficiency is stably maintained at 80%.

Embodiment 3

[0020] The positive electrode of the lithium metal battery is lithium cobalt oxide, the negative electrode is lithium metal, the electrolyte is lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, dimethoxymethane and tetrahydrofuran solution, and the electrolyte additive is 5mol / L Li 2 S 3 and 2 wt.% lithium perchlorate. Electrochemical tests were performed on the above energy storage system, and the results showed that at 100 μA cm -2 Under the current density of 10000, the lithium metal anode has no dendrites in the cycle range of 5000 cycles, and the single-cycle Coulomb efficiency is stably maintained at 99.99%.

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Abstract

The invention discloses an electrolyte additive and application of the electrolyte additive in prolonging the cycle lifetime of a lithium metal battery, and belongs to the technical field of a lithium metal battery. The electrolyte additive comprises Li2Sx (x=1-8) or is formed by coupling the Li2Sx (x=1-8) and other constituents, wherein the other constituents are one or more than one of lithium nitrate, lithium perchlorate, fluoroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, propylene sulfite and Lithium bisimide. By the electrolyte additive, a layer of passivation film with a stable structure can be in-situ formed on the surface of a lithium metal negative electrode; by the passivation film, on one hand, lithium dendrites on the surface of the lithium metal negative electrode can be prevented, and the safety performance of the battery is improved; and on the other hand, the lithium metal also can be prevented from being corroded by the electrolyte, and the utilization ratio and the cycle stability of the battery are improved; and by matching a high-capacity positive electrode material, the industrial progress of the electrolyte additive can be promoted.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium metal batteries, and particularly relates to an electrolyte additive and its application. Background technique [0002] Lithium-ion battery energy storage has the advantages of high energy density and portability. After 20 years of development, it has gradually been recognized by the market, and has achieved large-scale applications in personal electronic equipment, electric vehicles and other fields. Among the known electrode materials, the lithium metal anode is 3860mAh g -1 Due to its high capacity and the most negative potential (-3.040V vs. standard hydrogen electrode), it has become the "holy grail" of the energy storage industry and has attracted the attention of researchers. In the 1970s, lithium metal primary batteries have been commercialized in many fields such as pacemakers, space exploration, and oil exploration. However, when metal lithium is used as the negative electrode of the s...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): H01M10/0567H01M10/0525H01M12/08
CPCH01M10/0525H01M10/0567H01M12/08H01M2300/0025Y02E60/10
Inventor 张强程新兵闫崇赵辰孜
Owner TSINGHUA UNIV
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