High-yield, high-efficiency, light and simple cultivation method for Xinjiang cotton areas

Abstract

The invention provides a high-yield, high-efficiency, light and simple cultivation method for Xinjiang cotton areas. The method comprises the steps of variety selection, determination of a planting mode, planning and management of water and fertilizer and adjustment. The planting mode of drip irrigation under film with equal row spacing is adopted, a row sowing trajectory of cotton planting is a linear sowing trajectory of each row or a regular polyline sowing trajectory of each row, and soil fertilizer including organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer or chemical fertilizer alone is applied in the full growth period. According to the method, it is shown through an implementation result that the yield of ginned cotton of the cotton field is 147.0 kg/mu on average and is equal to that ofa contrast, the benefit and the length and strength of raw cotton fibers are increased by 40.0 yuan/mu, 0.4 mm and 0.6 cN/tex on average compared with the contrast respectively, the raw cotton impurities are reduced by 0.5% on average compared with the contrast, in combination with lightness and simplification analysis, the method has the obvious advantages of high yield, high quality, lightnessand simplification, and therefore the sustainable development of cotton in Xinjiang can be promoted.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a high-yield, high-efficiency, light and simple cultivation method in Xinjiang cotton region. Background technique [0002] The existing cotton area in Xinjiang is about 30 million mu. It is the largest cotton producing province (region) in my country. Its total cotton production accounts for about 65% of the national cotton production, showing the huge production capacity and important position of Xinjiang cotton. However, due to In recent years, the sharp increase in planting costs, especially labor costs, has seriously threatened the realization of the goal of high-yield and efficient cotton planting in Xinjiang. [0003] In order to solve the plight of high cotton costs in Xinjiang, the whole process of mechanized planting technology, including machine harvesting technology, has been promoted and applied on a large scale. By the end of 2017, the area of ​​cotton harvested by machines in Xinjiang had reached more than 16 mill...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0004] Due to the low genetic quality of the existing organically picked cotton varieties and the impossibility of a major breakthrough in quality in a short period of time, and the fact that the machine-picked seed cotton has high impurities, the ginners are forced to deal with those with more impurities during processing. Seed cotton adopts more cleaning processes (times), which leads to mechanical damage of cotton fibers due to excessive cleaning, and finally a serious decline in fiber quality, especially the decline in the length and strength of raw cotton fibers is particularly significant, with a decline rate of 0.4-1.3 respectively. mm, 0.7-1.5cN / tex, and the short fiber rate of raw cotton is significantly higher, up to about 17%. Obviously, the internal quality of machine-harvested cotton processed by machine-harvested technology is obviously deteriorated, and the quality of many raw cottons is "poor". Grade grade, the length and strength of raw cotton fibers are less than 26.5mm (cN / tex), especially in some batches of cotton machine-picked cotton in southern Xinjiang. The normal textile industry uses raw materials, so it cannot meet the needs of textile enterprises to produce high-quality textiles, seriously affecting the large-scale promotion and application of Xinjiang cotton machine harvesting and the sustainable development of Xinjiang cotton planting industry

Practice has proved that the direct application of foreign existing technology in Xinjiang cotton area results in low cotton yield and poor quality. Obviously, mature foreign technology cannot be popularized and applied in Xinjiang. Jane's New Cultivation and Management Technology

[0006] In order to achieve the goal of high yield, high efficiency, lightness and simplicity in Xinjiang, domestic cotton experts have carried out a lot of work in their respective fields in terms of variety breeding and cotton processing in recent years, including breeding high-quality varieties, reducing agronomic measures for machine-harvested impurities, and striving to reduce processing Clean up the process (times) and improve the processing technology, but so far, due to unclear research ideas, separate work, lack of systematic technology, resulting in wrong measures, many technical effects are not stable or even poor

[0007] A large number of investigations and studies have shown that the large amount of impurities in machine-harvested seed cotton is closely related to the unreasonable population structure of the existing cotton field. -In order to intercept more light resources and achieve high-efficiency accumulation and transformation of photosynthetic products, the cotton leaves in different planting rows and their cotton leaves present a "disorderly collusion and occlusion" situation of "I am in you, and you are in me". , not only can’t achieve the best photosynthetic efficiency, but also when spraying defoliation and ripening agent, because the cotton leaves block each other, the effect of defoliation and ripening of the middle and lower cotton leaves is seriously affected, and the row and plant spacing are too small, which is easy The phenomenon of "hanging branches" leaves is caused, and the pollution hazard of broken leaves, boll shells, and stems sticking to or mixed with seed cotton is aggravated during machine picking; A single increase in row spacing will lead to a significant decrease in cotton field density and photosynthetic product per unit area, and cotton is prone to severe lodging during the boll opening period, and the final yield reduction will be about 25%. The supporting agronomic measures can not only ensure the relatively high density of the cotton field, but also eliminate the disorderly crossing and overlapping of branches and leaves between rows. For this reason, the inventor broke the width of "super large row spacing + ultra small row spacing" in current production. Row planting mode, specifically, change the past "66cm+10cm" or "62cm+14cm" or "72+4cm" or other average row spacing 38cm wide and narrow row planting mode to "76cm" equal row planting mode to ensure the same area of ​​cotton fields Reduce the number of planting rows by half

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