Composite micro-nano hollow fiber material as well as preparation method and application thereof

A technology of fiber materials and carbon nanofibers, which is applied in the field of composite micro-nano hollow fiber materials and its preparation, can solve the problems of reduced metal lithium negative electrode cycle efficiency, metal lithium consumption, battery performance damage, etc. Effect of growth and prevention of excessive deposition

Active Publication Date: 2020-05-01
BEIJING UNIV OF CHEM TECH
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, the practical application of lithium metal batteries still faces great challenges. For example, in the process of repeated charging and discharging, dendritic lithium dendrites are easily generated on the metal lithium negative electrode, which will cause great damage to the performance of the battery.
On the one hand, the lithium dendrites will react with the electrolyte, consuming metal lithium and the electrolyte. On the other hand, the lithium dendrites that are separated from the lithium metal negative electrode substrate have their electronic channels cut off and cannot participate in the electrochemical reaction, forming "dead lithium". , so that the cycle efficiency of metal lithium anode is reduced
In addition, the continuous growth of metal lithium dendrites will pierce the separator, causing a short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery, which will seriously cause the battery to explode, thereby affecting the Coulombic efficiency and cycle performance of the battery.

Method used

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  • Composite micro-nano hollow fiber material as well as preparation method and application thereof
  • Composite micro-nano hollow fiber material as well as preparation method and application thereof
  • Composite micro-nano hollow fiber material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0048] Example 1 : Preparation of carbon micro-nano hollow fiber materials wrapped with nickel-cobalt alloy hollow nanoprisms

[0049] The polyvinylpyrrolidone (number average molecular weight: 40000) and the nickel acetate and cobalt acetate mixture with the molar ratio of nickel and cobalt elements of 1:2 were dissolved in ethanol at 25 ° C. The mass fraction of polyvinylpyrrolidone in the mixed solution was 1.5%, nickel The mass fraction of cobalt acetate is 1%, and the obtained mixed solution is heated to 65° C. to react for 1 hour, and the product is a nickel-cobalt-based acetate hydroxide precursor. Its scanning electron microscope photos such as figure 1 shown, by figure 1 It can be seen that the particle length size of the nickel-cobalt-based acetate hydroxide precursor is about 1.3 μm, and the width size is about 0.3 μm;

[0050] The nickel-cobalt-based acetate hydroxide precursor and polyacrylonitrile are respectively dispersed in N,N-dimethylformamide, and the t...

Embodiment 2

[0052] Example 2 : wrapped with Ni 5 CoS 4 Preparation of carbon micro-nano hollow fiber materials with hollow nanoprisms

[0053] The polyvinylpyrrolidone (number average molecular weight: 40000) and the nickel acetate and cobalt acetate mixture with the molar ratio of nickel and cobalt elements of 5:1 were dissolved in ethanol at 22 ° C, the mass fraction of polyvinylpyrrolidone in the mixed solution was 2%, nickel The mass fraction of cobalt acetate is 1.5%, and the obtained mixed solution is heated to 85° C. to react for 1 hour, and the product is the precursor of nickel-cobalt-based acetate hydroxide. The product particle has a length of about 1 μm and a width of about 0.5 μm;

[0054] The nickel-cobalt-based acetate hydroxide precursor and polyacrylonitrile are respectively dispersed in N,N-dimethylformamide, and the two precursor solutions are mixed to obtain a spinning solution, wherein the nickel-cobalt-based acetic acid The mass fraction of salt hydroxide precur...

Embodiment 3

[0056] Example 3 : Wrapped with NiCo 2 Preparation of carbon micro-nano hollow fiber materials of P hollow nanoprisms

[0057] Dissolve polyvinylpyrrolidone (number average molecular weight: 40000) and a mixture of nickel acetate and cobalt acetate with a molar ratio of nickel and cobalt elements of 1:2 in ethanol at 21 ° C, the mass fraction of polyvinylpyrrolidone in the mixed solution is 1.5%, nickel The mass fraction of cobalt acetate is 1.5%, and the obtained mixed solution is heated to 45° C. to react for 4 hours, and the product is the precursor of nickel-cobalt-based acetate hydroxide. The product particle has a length of about 1.2 μm and a width of about 0.2 μm;

[0058] The nickel-cobalt-based acetate hydroxide precursor and polyacrylonitrile are respectively dispersed in N,N-dimethylformamide, and the two precursor solutions are mixed to obtain a spinning solution, wherein the nickel-cobalt-based acetic acid The mass fraction of salt hydroxide precursor and poly...

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Abstract

The invention relates to a composite micro-nano hollow fiber material as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. The composite micro-nano hollow fiber material is a carbon nanofiber internally wrapped with a metal simple substance, or an alloy or a metal compound porous hollow nano-prism, wherein the metal compound is at least one of a metal sulfide, a metal phosphide and a metalselenide; the metal compound comprises at least one metal element of iron, nickel and cobalt; and the alloy comprises at least two metal elements of iron, nickel and cobalt. When the composite micro-nano fiber is used as a lithium metal negative electrode carrier, the multi-stage hollow structure provided in the composite micro-nano fiber is beneficial to permeation and diffusion of an electrolytein the fiber, and space is better provided for deposition of lithium inside the fiber. In addition, the metal sulfide, metal phosphide, metal selenide, or metal elementary substance or alloy in the carrier has relatively high lithium affiliated properties, and the deposition of the metal lithium inside the carbon fiber is facilitated.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of energy and nanometer material preparation, and in particular relates to a composite micro-nano hollow fiber material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background technique [0002] The demand for next-generation lithium-ion batteries with high energy density and good safety performance is extremely urgent in the fields of energy storage, new energy vehicles and consumer electronics. Lithium metal has an excellent theoretical specific capacity (3860mAh g -1 ) and the lowest electrochemical potential, have natural advantages as anode materials for lithium metal batteries, and are considered as the ultimate solution for high energy density batteries. However, the practical application of lithium metal batteries still faces great challenges. For example, in the process of repeated charge and discharge, the lithium metal negative electrode is prone to generate dendritic lithium dendrites, whic...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): D01F9/22D01F9/21D01F1/08D01F1/10B82Y30/00B82Y40/00H01M4/62H01M10/052
CPCB82Y30/00B82Y40/00D01F1/08D01F1/10D01F9/21D01F9/22H01M4/628H01M10/052Y02E60/10
Inventor 于乐李念武陈晨何心
Owner BEIJING UNIV OF CHEM TECH
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