132results about How to "Avoid excessive deposition" patented technology

A smooth layer of a metal is electroplated onto a microrough electrically conducting substrate by immersing the substrate and a counterelectrode in an electroplating bath of the metal to be electroplated and passing a modulated reversing electric current between the electrodes. The current contains pulses that are cathodic with respect to said substrate and pulses that are anodic with respect to said substrate. The cathodic pulses have a duty cycle less than about 50% and said anodic pulses have a duty cycle greater than about 50%, the charge transfer ratio of the cathodic pulses to the anodic pulses is greater than one, and the frequency of said pulses ranges from about 10 Hertz to about 12000 Hertz. The plating bath is substantially devoid of levelers and may be devoid of brighteners.

The invention relates to an aqueous dispersion containing a dispersant and a disperse phase containing a hydrophobic material, the dispersant comprising an anionic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000 and being selected from the group consisting of carbon-containing compounds and silicon-containing compounds, and a cationic organic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000. The invention further relates to the preparation and use of the dispersion in the production of paper. The invention also relates to a substantially water-free composition containing a hydrophobic material, an anionic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000 and being selected from carbon-containing compounds and silicon-containing compounds, and a cationic organic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000, as well as it use in the preparation of an aqueous dispersion.

A biodelivery system has been found which increases the efficiency and effectiveness of introducing antimicrobial compounds into complex biofilm matrices through the use of liposome carriers, thereby removing the biofouling in industrial water bearing systems, including piping, heat exchanges, condensers, filtration systems and fluid storage tanks.

According to one embodiment of the invention, antimicrobial compound containing liposomes are added to water systems prone to biofouling and biofilm formation. The liposomes, being similar in composition to microbial membranes or cells, are readily incorporated into the existing biofilm. Once the antimicrobial compound containing liposomes become entrained with the biofilm matrix, the decomposition or disintegration of the liposome proceeds. Thereafter the biocidal core is released to react directly with the biofilm encased microorganisms. Upon the death of the organisms, the matrix decomposes and thereby results in reduced fouling of the water bearing system, resulting in increased heat transfer, increased flux, less deposit of colloidal and particulate solids and dissolved organics on the surface of the microfiltration membrane, thereby reducing the frequency and duration of the membrane cleaning and ultimate replacement.

A process has been found which increases the efficiency and effectiveness of introducing antimicrobial compounds into complex biofilm matrices through the use of liposome carriers, thereby removing the biofouling in industrial water bearing systems, including piping, heat exchanges, condensers, filtration systems and fluid storage tanks.

According to one embodiment of the invention, antimicrobial compound containing liposomes are added to water systems prone to biofouling and biofilm formation. The liposomes, being similar in composition to microbial membranes or cells, are readily incorporated into the existing biofilm. Once the antimicrobial compound containing liposomes become entrained with the biofilm matrix, the decomposition or programmed disintegration of the liposome proceeds. Thereafter the biocidal aqueous core is released to react directly with the biofilm encased microorganisms. Upon the death of the organisms, the polysaccharide/protein matrix decomposes and thereby results in reduced fouling of the water bearing system, resulting in increased heat transfer, increased flux, less deposit of colloidal and particulate solids and dissolved organics on the surface of the microfiltration membrane, thereby reducing the frequency and duration of the membrane cleaning and ultimate replacement.

A processing apparatus of the present invention has a mounted chamber holding a semiconductor wafer and having members for work-processing the substrate under any of heating, plasma and process gas or a combination of them, in which a film of Al₂O₃ and Y₂O₃ is formed on an inner wall surface of the chamber and on those exposed surface of the members within the chamber and has a high-corrosion resistance and insulating property and, when the process gas is introduced onto a processing surface of a semiconductor wafer and diffused into it, any product is less liable to be deposited on a plasma generation area and on those members held within the chamber.

The invention specifically discloses a composite whitening and spot correcting lotion, and a manufacturing method thereof. The spot correcting lotion is manufactured from raw materials of, by weight: 2.5 to 25 parts of traditional Chinese medicine active site extracts, 0.5 to 5 parts of arbutin, 0.05 to 0.2 parts of sodium hyaluronate, 5 to 10 parts of soybean fermentation extract, 1 to 10 parts of 1,3-butylene glycol, 1 to 10 parts of propylene glycol, 0.2 to 0.8 parts of tween-80, 0.1 to 0.4 parts of methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate, 0.1 to 0.4 parts of propylparaben, 0.5 to 5 parts pf ethanol, and 33.2 to 89.05 of deionized water. The traditional Chinese medicine active site extracts comprise raw materials of, by weight: 5 to 15 parts of ginseng, 5 to 20 parts of mongolian milkvetch root, 5 to 25 parts of white peony root, 5 to 30 parts of licorice, and 5 to 35 parts of cottonrose hibiscus flower. According to the composite whitening and spot correcting lotion provided by the invention, a plurality of traditional Chinese medicine active components are added to whitening and spot correcting active substances, such that the activity of tyrosinase can be effectively inhibited, oxygen-derived free radicals can be removed with high efficiency, and melanin can be prevented from appearing. With the composite whitening and spot correcting lotion, various freckles and chloasma can be comprehensively and rapidly corrected. Also, the lotion brings no toxin or harm.

A cemented carbide ball end mill comprises a cutting portion with a semi-spherical ball portion at a tip thereof. The cutting edge portion has a cutting edge rake face and a chip evacuating flute at the ball portion. An angle formed by a straight line connecting a vertex of the ball portion, where an intersection line passes through, and another end of the intersection line with respect to the central axis, is from 30° to 50°. Further, and angle formed by the rake face and the chip evacuating flute is from 100° to 150°, and a width of the chip evacuating flute is 0.5 to 5 times as large as a radius of the ball portion.

A polyamide masterbatch free from metal copper deposition and metal corrosion in an extruder or a molding machine, deterioration in mechanical physical properties of the product, and a color change of appearance due to water absorption and having improved heat aging resistance is produced by mixing, by melt kneading, a) 100 parts by weight of a polyamide having a water content of from 0.05 to 2.0 wt. %, b) from 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of an organic compound having at least one amide group, c) from 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of a copper compound having a maximum particle size of 50 μm or less, and d) from 1 to 50 parts by weight of a halogen compound (with the proviso that a copper halide is excluded) having a maximum particle size of 50 μm or less.

A steam barrier film comprising at least one inorganic gas barrier layer on a polyalkylene naphthalate resin substrate film in which the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polyalkylene naphthalate resin is from 70 to 150° C. and the steam barrier film comprises at least one conductive layer with a resistance of 10¹² Ω or less at 25° C. and 60% relative humidity.

An improved stabilized biocidal delivery system has been found which increases the efficiency and effectiveness of introducing antimicrobial compounds into complex bio-film matrices through the use of liposome vesicular carriers, thereby removing the bio-fouling in industrial water bearing systems, including piping, heat exchanges, condensers, filtration systems and fluid storage tanks. The improved stabilized biocide is comprised of a vesicle encapsulated biocide that is stabilized against chemical and heat degradation over longer periods of time than previously possible through the incorporation of a stabilizer compound.

A plasma etch process for etching BPSG employing two primary etchants at low flows and pressures, and a relatively low temperature environment within the etch chamber, which includes a fluorine scavenger in the form of silicon. The two primary etchant gases are CHF₃ and CH₂F₂, delivered at flow rates on the order of between about 10 and 40 sccm for CHF₃ and between about 10 and 40 sccm for CH₂F₂. Small quantities, on the order of 10 sccm or less, of other gases such as C₂HF₅ and CF₄ may be added.

The invention relates to a large-scale H-shaped steel welding forming process, in particular to a full penetration fillet weld back-chipping-free welding process for large-scale H-shaped steel. Full penetration fillet weld back-chipping-free assembling and welding are conducted on the H-shaped steel with the thickness of a web being 40-45 mm and the thickness of a wing plate being 50-55 mm. Double-faced grooves are adopted in the web, truncated edges are avoided, the double-faced grooves comprise the V-shaped groove in the upper portion and the arc U-shaped groove in the bottom in a combined mode, then groove machining is conducted, check is conducted through a groove check plate, and accordingly the web and the wing plate are assembled and welded. According to the process, the welding process parameters are designed according to the groove size, the welding principle, the penetration requirement and the like, machining is adopted in web grooving, the machining speed is high, the groove size precision and welding quality are guaranteed, and the one-time welding check percent of pass reaches 98.3%.

A process for fabricating a circuit board is provided. A circuit substrate having a first surface and a first circuit layer is provided. A first dielectric layer having a second surface is formed on the circuit substrate and covers the first surface and the first circuit layer. An antagonistic activation layer is formed on the second surface. The antagonistic activation layer is irradiated by a laser beam to form at least a blind via extended from the antagonistic activation layer to the first circuit layer and an intaglio pattern. A first conductive layer is formed inside the blind via. A second conductive layer is formed in the intaglio pattern and the blind via. The second conductive layer covers the first conductive layer and is electrically connected with the first circuit layer through the first conductive layer. The antagonistic activation layer is removed to expose the second surface.

The invention provides a method for consistently producing a hydrogen gas separator with a good performance balance. The method includes the process for preparing a porous substrate and the process for forming a silica coat on the substrate by chemical vapor deposition in which a reaction is brought about between a silica source provided to one side of the substrate and an oxygen-containing gas supplied to the other side of the substrate. The vapor deposition process is carried out using as the silica source a silicon compound (a) with Si-Z-Si bonds (Z is O or N) in the molecule.

The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a large ship reception chamber suitable for a dry type ship compartment and solves the problem that under this circumstance of being limited by lifting conditions and space of the ship compartment in mounting the ship reception chamber, a method of segmental and sectional modular manufacturing and integral pre-splicing in a manufacturing factory is adopted to ensure that the ship reception chamber is quickly assembled and welded in the ship compartment to accelerate the ship reception chamber mounting speed, reduce civil engineering coordination and improve the integral construction progress on the premise of meeting safety and controllable quality. According to the method disclosed by the invention, a non-standard metal structure product is produced on a large scale, production automation is easily implemented, the quality is reliable, and convenience is brought to mounting. The manufacturing method has huge economical benefit and social benefit.

Various systems and methods are described for controlling spark plug fouling and pre-ignition in a newly manufactured vehicle. One method comprises, during a pre-delivery phase of the newly manufactured vehicle including an engine, operating the engine with a first setting for air/fuel ratio to reduce spark plug fouling, and adjusting the first setting of the air/fuel ratio responsive to pre-ignition.

A plating apparatus with direct electrolyte distribution system, including one or more of the following: an electrolyte tank; an electrolyte distribution compartment within the electrolyte tank, the electrolyte distribution compartment for containing electrolyte, the electrolyte distribution compartment having a first side and a second side; a pump having a fluid connection to the electrolyte distribution compartment for applying pressure to the electrolyte; a plurality of nozzles connected to the first side of the electrolyte distribution compartment, the electrolyte being forced through the plurality of the nozzles from the electrolyte distribution compartment to a part to be plated when the pump applies pressure to the electrolyte in the electrolyte distribution compartment; an electrolyte collection compartment within the electrolyte tank, the electrolyte collection compartment being in fluid communication with the electrolyte distribution compartment; and a removable screen between the electrolyte collection compartment and the second side of the electrolyte distribution compartment.

A cyclonic separator and methods of cyclonic separation which provide for a band pass separation of particles. That is, a cyclonic separator able to remove particles from an air stream that are greater than a predetermined minimum (which is greater than zero) while being smaller than a particular maximum. This band pass separation may be performed with the inclusion of a secondary vortex break on a cyclonic separator. Also discussed are cyclonic flow systems which provide for less deposition of aerosolized particles onto the cyclonic flow generator and related structures to improve likelihood of particles of interest being provided to an attached detector.

The present invention relates to a radiation-sensitive resin composition for spacer is a copolymer comprising derivative units, an addition polymerizable monomer having at least one ethylenically unsaturated double bond, radiation-sensitive initiator and solvent, wherein said copolymer comprising (a1) 5 wt %-50 wt % of unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer derivative unit; (a2) 10 wt %-70 wt % of epoxy-containing unsaturated monomer derivative unit; and (a3) 0 wt %-70 wt % of copolymerizable unsaturated monomer derivative unit other than the above monomer derivative units (a1) and (a2). The content of said copolymer [A] which has a molecular weight of 800-7,000 and which has a molecular weight of greater than 70,000 are determined to account for 10 wt %-23 wt % and less than 5 wt %, respectively, based on the total weight of said copolymer[A].

The invention provides a display substrate, a use method of the display substrate, and a polymer electroluminescent device, belongs to the light emitting device field, solves a problem of relatively low uniformity of a film prepared by solution in a light emitting zone of a polymer electroluminescent device in the prior art and improves display quality. The display substrate comprises a light emitting zone arranged at a center of the display substrate, and a virtual pixel zone surrounding the light emitting zone, wherein the virtual pixel zone is internally provided with a groove zone surrounding the light emitting zone. The display substrate can be used for manufacturing the polymer electroluminescent device.