Powered air purifying respirator system and self contained breathing apparatus

Abstract

A combination of an SCBA system for providing bottled air to a user and a PAPR system for purifying ambient air for use by a user wherein the two systems are used alternatingly depending on the contaminated condition of the ambient air and the oxygen content of the ambient air.

Description

[0001] This invention is directed to an apparatus for assisting persons to breath in hostile environments. It more particularly relates to such an apparatus that is useful in purifying contaminated air as well as providing portable clean air. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] There are, at present two systems for assisting the breathing of persons who are subject to contaminated air. First, there are the powered respirators (SCBA-Self Contained Breathing Apparatus) that feed compressed (e.g. bottled) air to a tight fitting face mask, or other conduit to the mouth and / or nose, for inhaling by the user. These systems do not permit the user access to the ambient atmosphere at all. Second, there are filter / decontamination systems for use in the form of a canister, in connection with a respirator apparatus that rely on cleaning ambient atmosphere to make it suitable for breathing. Such filter systems may or may not make use of auxiliary power. In powered systems, ambient atmosphere is s...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

"The invention is a breathing apparatus that combines the benefits of a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and a positive airway pressure (PAPR) system. It includes a tight fitting face mask or other means of delivering respirating air to a person in need. The apparatus has two valving systems: one for controlling whether to receive cleaned ambient air or supplied air, and another for controlling whether to use the air from the air bottle or the PAPR system. A battery-powered fan can be used to purify the air. The apparatus also has a one-way valve to vent exhaust air and a pressure reducing valving system to control the pressure of the air. The technical effects of this invention include improved breathing efficiency, increased safety, and better user comfort."

Problems solved by technology

These systems do not permit the user access to the ambient atmosphere at all.

Such filter systems may or may not make use of auxiliary power.

Both types of breathing assists are used by personnel who are subject to breathing ambient atmosphere that would otherwise be considered to be harmfully contaminated, unbreathable or dangerous air.

A dangerous or unbreathable atmosphere is considered to be air containing less than 19.5 volume percent oxygen, or air with the requisite oxygen, but also containing significant proportions of harmful contaminants, e.g. particulate or gaseous, is considered contaminated and harmful.

In these unpowered systems, the user's lung power provides the necessary impetus to force contaminated air through the cleaning element and feed it to the user.

However, they are of no value where the ambient atmosphere has an oxygen content that is less than 19.5% by volume.

Other situations exist, such as where the ambient atmosphere is so contaminated, or the contamination is such, that a filter and / or decontamination / purifier system cannot handle the problem; and / or the oxygen content of the ambient air is too low to satisfy human survival needs (that is, where the atmosphere is IDLH, that means the ambient atmosphere is of Immediate Danger to Life and Health).

One problem is that a wearer of a SCBA must support all of the weight of the bottled air whereas, in water, a diver has the advantage of the water's buoyancy to help support the weight of the SCUBA tanks.

Even so, most SCBA systems are only capable of carrying enough bottled, compressed air for up to about an hour's use.

In the case of fire fighters, they are already going into an unfriendly environment carrying their tools with them, and the heat of the fire makes it even more difficult to carry the extra weight of the compressed air container.

Further, the fire fighter must often proceed, from the safe ambient air outside the area where a fire has merely contaminated the atmosphere to an extent such that it can be cleaned, by wearing some form of APR, for a relatively long distance before he reaches an area where the contamination is of such an extent that the atmosphere cannot be reasonably cleaned and where he must breath the air he brought with him, or strangle from lack of oxygen, or be harmed by other contaminants.

When carrying around ones' own air supply, there is a very real practical limit as to how much air can be safely carried.

Contrary to operating under water with a SCUBA rig, the air bottles used by fire fighters are quite heavy, must be supported entirely by the wearer, and do not have the advantage of water buoyancy partially supporting their weight.

Making them larger, to be able to carry more air, increases their weight but decreases their portability.

This combination of weight and working conditions severely limits the time that a fire fighter, who is wearing / carrying his own air supply and tools, can effectively fight the fire.

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