Methods and nucleic acids for the analysis of gene expression associated with the development of prostate cell proliferative disorders

Abstract

The invention provides methods, nucleic acids and kits for detecting prostate cell proliferative disorders. The invention discloses genomic sequences the methylation patterns of which have utility for the improved detection of said disorder, thereby enabling the improved diagnosis and treatment of patients.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0001]The present invention relates to genomic DNA sequences that exhibit altered expression patterns in disease states relative to normal. Particular embodiments provide methods, nucleic acids, nucleic acid arrays and kits useful for detecting, or for diagnosing prostate carcinoma.PRIOR ART[0002]Prostate cancer is the most common cancer and the third leading cause of death in American men (Jemal et al., 2006). Incidence and mortality rates for this disease increase greatly with age, with more than 65% of all prostate cancer cases diagnosed in men older than 65 (Jemal et al., 2006). Stage of disease at diagnosis also affects overall survival rates. Due to widespread use of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening test, nearly 90% of new patients are diagnosed with local or regional disease (Jemal et al., 2005). Patients with local or regional disease when diagnosed have a five-year relative survival rate approaching 100% (Jemal et al., 2006).[0003]The curr...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0020]Various aspects of the present invention provide an efficient and unique genetic marker, whereby expression analysis of said marker enables the detection of prostate cell proliferative disorders, most preferably, prostate carcinoma with a particularly high sensitivity, specificity and / or predictive value.

[0034]The present invention provides a method for ascertaining epigenetic parameters of genomic DNA associated with the development of prostate cancer. The method has utility for the improved detection and diagnosis of said disease.

Problems solved by technology

This results in a large number of prostate biopsies being conducted in men who do not have prostate cancer.

The second disadvantage is that despite the relatively high sensitivity of PSA, there are men who harbor prostate cancer in the absence of elevated PSA (>4 ng / ml) (Thompson et al., 2004).

It has also been estimated that up to 10% of prostate biopsies under current guidelines are falsely negative, resulting in decreased sensitivity even with biopsy (Djavan et al., 2000; Mian et al., 2002; Gupta et al., 2005; Hanley et al., 2006).

Unfortunately, cancer is a disease state in which single markers have typically failed to detect or differentiate many forms of the disease.

Thus, assays that recognize only a single marker have been shown to be of limited predictive value.

Historically, many diagnostic tests have been criticized due to poor sensitivity and specificity.

A test having poor sensitivity produces a high rate of false negatives, i.e., individuals who have the disease but are falsely identified as being free of that particular disease.

The potential danger of a false negative is that the diseased individual will remain undiagnosed and untreated for some period of time, during which the disease may progress to a later stage wherein treatments, if any, may be less effective.

This type of test exhibits poor sensitivity because it fails to detect the presence of the virus until the disease is well established and the virus has invaded the bloodstream in substantial numbers.

A test having poor specificity produces a high rate of false positives, i.e., individuals who are falsely identified as having the disease.

A drawback of false positives is that they force patients to undergo unnecessary medical procedures treatments with their attendant risks, emotional and financial stresses, and which could have adverse effects on the patient's health.

A feature of diseases which makes it difficult to develop diagnostic tests with high specificity is that disease mechanisms, particularly in cancer, often involve a plurality of genes and proteins.

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