60 results about "Charge neutrality" patented technology

A cyanine compound represented by formula (I): wherein ring A and ring B each represent a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring or a substituted or unsubstituted naphthalene ring; R1, R2, R3, and R4 each represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl group, or R1 and R2 are taken together, or R3 and R4 are taken together, to form a 3- to 6-membered ring, provided that at least one of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is a substituted benzyl group; Y1 and Y2 each represent an organic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; Anm− represents an m-valent anion; m represents an integer 1 or 2; and p represents a coefficient for maintaining overall charge neutrality.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a polyaluminum ferric chloride-poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (PAFC-PDMDAAC) inorganic / organic composite flocculant. The inorganic / organic composite flocculant is prepared by taking AlCl3.6H2O, FeCl3.6H2O, and PDMDAAC as raw materials and adopting a method of adding PDMDAAC into a PAFC system. The flocculant integrates the advantages of high molecular weight of PDMDAAC, high charge neutrality and adsorption bridging ability, wide application range, good flocculation effect and small generated sludge quantity, and high PAFC reaction velocity, large formed flocculating constituent, high settling velocity, wide applied pH (potential of hydrogen) range, good coagulation effect and the like. The PAFC-PDMDAAC inorganic / organic composite flocculant can be widely applied to the fields of water supply, waste water treatment, papermaking, oil extraction, textile printing and dyeing, mining, daily-use chemical industry and the like, and has a good water treatment effect.

A novel cyanine compound of general formula (I) showing thermal behaviors suitable for optical recording applications, an optical recording material containing the same, and an optical recording material containing the same. wherein ring A and B each represent a benzene or naphthalene ring that may be substituted; at least one of the pair of adjacent groups R1 and R2 and the pair of adjacent groups R3 and R4 represent a pair of benzyl groups, and the other paired groups each represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or are connected to each other to form a 3- to 6-membered ring; Y1 and Y2 each represent an organic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; Anm− represents an m-valent anion; m represents an integer 1 or 2; and p represents a coefficient for maintaing the charge neutrality.

A contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging comprising a complex of a paramagnetic cation, preferably Gd+3, Dy+3, and Fe+3 with three equivalents of a charge neutralizing chelator that provides a lipid soluble complex of the paramagnetic cation is described. The complex is retained intracellularly when introduced into a mammalian cell. A method of providing an image of an internal pathology of a patient by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by administering the MRI contrast agent or tagged cells to the patient and scanning the patient using magnetic resonance imaging to obtain visible images of the internal pathology of the patient is also set forth.

An electrostatic actuator and a method for actuating a micro-machine structure. The micro-machine structure has a stationary part and a movable part that is relatively movable between a rest position and an activated position and is resiliently connected to the stationary part. The stationary part and the movable part form a flexible sub-structure having a resonant frequency. The actuator comprises a first electrode disposed on the stationary part and a second electrode disposed on the movable part. The actuator also includes a wave generator, connected to the first electrode and the second electrode, for generating an alternating voltage signal to the first electrode and a reference voltage signal to the second electrode so as to impart an electrostatic force between the stationary and movable parts and to move the movable part from the rest position to the activated position. The electrostatic force for fixed amplitude wave has a constant force component and a vibratory force component. The alternating voltage signal has a frequency sufficiently higher than the resonant frequency of the sub-structure so that the vibratory force component is absorbed by the sub-structure and the activated position remains substantially constant. The actuator motion or position is controlled by varying the amplitude of the alternating voltage signal.

A catalyst for exhaust gas purification that excels in exhaust gas purification performance and thermal stability, realizing low cost and precious metal saving; and a relevant catalyst member. There is provided a catalyst for exhaust gas purification characterized by having substantially a perovskite crystal structure and being composed of a composite oxide of the formula (1) carrying at least one or two or more types of elements selected from among Pt, Pd and Rh, and further provided a catalyst member making use of the same. A[alpha]B[1-x]B'[x]O[3-delta] (1) wherein A is substantially an element, or a combination of two elements, selected from among Ba and Sr; B is substantially an element, or a combination of two elements, selected from among Fe and Co; B' is substantially an element, or a combination of two elements, selected from among Nb, Ta and Ti; alpha is 0.95 to 1.05; x is 0.05 to 0.3; and delta is a value determined so as to satisfy the condition of charge neutrality.

The invention relates to a control method for disinfection by-product based on matching of precursor form of disinfection by-product and flocculating agent form, belonging to drinking water processing technical field. The inventive method comprises following steps: selecting corresponding flocculating agent form having superior removing capability aiming at raw water with superior form distribution rule of different disinfection by-product precursors, using a matching relation of the flocculating agent original position form and the disinfection by-product superior form to greatly increase removing efficiency of the disinfection by-product precursors in a coagulation process under actions of compression of double electrode layers, charge neutrality, adsorption and surface complexation. The inventive method has advantages of high efficiency, economic and practicable performance and easy application in engineering, effectively strengthens generation of flocculating agent original position form in the coagulation process and significantly reduces generation of disinfection by-product in the chlorination process.The invention is mainly used for purifying drinking water from a polluted surface water source in a drinking water factory and is also used for secondary effluent advanced treatment in a sewage plant for reusing reclaimed water.

Membranes comprising graphene oxide sheets and associated filter media and methods are provided. In some embodiments, a membrane may comprise graphene oxide sheets that have undergone one or more chemical treatments. The chemical treatment(s) may impart beneficial properties to the membrane, such as a relatively small d-spacing, compatibility with a broad range of environments, physical stability,and charge neutrality. For example, the graphene oxide sheets may undergo one or more chemical treatments that form chemical linkages between at least a portion of the graphene oxide sheets in the membrane. Such chemical linkages may impart a small d-spacing, broad compatibility, and / or allow relatively thick membranes to be formed. In certain embodiments, the graphene oxide sheets may undergo one or more chemical treatment that imparts relative charge neutrality to the membrane by altering the ionizability of certain functional groups. Graphene oxide membranes, described herein, can be usedfor a wide range applications.

The present invention provides a projection type image display device, capable of preventing dusts inducted by a fan from the outer of the device from entering the device, even though the dust enters the device, it will not be attached to an image display element or an optical component, so as to maintain a good performance for a long time. A front filter stopping mechanically large particle dusts, a dust electrified part composed of a discharged electrode and a contraposition electrode, a dust collection part composed of an high-voltage electrode and a dust collection electrode for collecting the electrified dust from the dust electrified part, an electrified main filter for collecting dusts from air through the dust collection part mechanically, an electricity remover for implementing a charge neutrality to the ionization dust, an air blower for absorbing the air to cool part of an component of the light optical system and the image display element by a cooling fan, are all arranged an air inhalant side.

Methods and systems for estimating conductivity of clay mineral systems, and for applying the estimates in larger-scale analysis. Conductivity of the clay may be estimated by constructing a molecular model of an anhydrous charge-neutral clay, and then assigning a charge density by substitution of ions in the model of the clay structure. Counterions are inserted for charge neutrality, and water molecules are added to the model to reflect a selected level of hydration. Following assignment of force-field coefficients, molecular dynamics simulation provides data from which diffusion coefficients can be estimated. Application of the Nernst-Einstein relationship to the diffusion coefficients of the counterions provides the ion conductivity of the clay system. This conductivity can be used to derive a formation factor, and can be applied in direct numerical simulation analysis.

A contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging comprising a complex of a paramagnetic cation, preferably Gd+3, Dy+3, and Fe+3 with three equivalents of a charge neutralizing chelator that provides a lipid soluble complex of the paramagnetic cation is described. The complex is retained intracellularly when introduced into a mammalian cell. A method of providing an image of an internal pathology of a patient by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by administering the MRI contrast agent or tagged cells to the patient and scanning the patient using magnetic resonance imaging to obtain visible images of the internal pathology of the patient is also set forth.

The invention discloses a method for preparing large-particle monodispersed high-stable polymer emulsion by a CO2 induced in-situ charge neutrality technology, and belongs to the technical field of the emulsion polymerization. In order to solve the technical problem, the method is capable of adding CO2 response monomer to a polymerization formula system, enabling the CO2 response monomer to change to be salt while the CO2 gas is pumped in, converting from the electric neutrality to the positive charge, wherein the part of the positive charge can partially neutralize the negative charge of anionic surfactant on the surface of the emulsion particles exactly, reducing the stability of the particles, promoting the particles to generate aggregation, reducing the particle number of the particle nucleating stage, and increasing the particle size. Because the particle aggregation is generated in the initial stage of the particle nucleating stage, the particle size distribution of the final emulsion is narrowed by the competition increase and self-sharpening of the aggregated particles. Finally, the CO2 is removed by adding N2, so that the CO2 response monomer is changed from the positive charge to the neutral, and the goal of high stability is realized.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a decyanation agent and usage thereof. The decyanation agent with an inorganic-organic composite macromolecular structure is prepared by a copolymerization method through an inorganic polymer and an organic macromolecular polymer. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: adding the decyanation agent in waste water, and simultaneously doping an inorganic metal salt liable to capture dissociative cyanogen to efficiently remove the low-concentration cyanide, and finally, controlling the cyanide below the national integrated wastewater discharge standard to efficiently remove the cyanide by means of such functions as complexation, flocculation, bridging and charge neutrality. Compared with the prior art, the decyanation agent provided by the invention not only has the advantages of effectively removing the low-concentration cyanide and high decyanation efficiency, but also having a simple medicine preparation method, low medicine feed dosage, low cost, no additional equipment, simple process operation and extensive usage, so that the decyanation agent is suitable for low-concentration cyanogen-containing waste water and water bodies polluted by the cyanide.

The invention relates to a deep sludge dewatering method and a cement kiln comprehensive utilization method using the same. Ferric trichloride is added and serve as an inorganic ferric salt coagulant, the uniformly stirred sludge mixed liquor is conveyed by a screw pump to a high pressure membrane plate-and-frame filter press for filter pressing, polyacrylamide is added to serve as an organic polymer flocculant while the sludge is fed, a sludge cake with the moisture content of 50-61.33% is finally obtained, and the sludge cake is subjected to dried with waste heat and is comprehensively utilized for a cement kiln after dewatered. The adsorption charge neutrality and the adsorption bridging action of cationic polyacrylamide are used to flocculate the sludge particles, meanwhile, as the selected polyacrylamide has a special branch chain cross-linked structure, the formed floc is small and pressuerproof, and is good for improving the dewatering degree of the sludge. Compared with the tradition, the dosage is reduced greatly, the yield of the cake and the introduction of a harmful element Cl are reduced, the equipment processing efficiency is increased, the heat value of the sludge is kept to the greatest extent, the treatment of the waste gas in a kiln head is taken into comprehensive consideration with a cement kiln system, the capital investment is saved, and the operation cost is lowered.

The invention relates to a conditioning coagulant for deep dehydrating sludge, which is composed of 0.05-50 w% of polymeric flocculant, 0.3-50 w% of chemical raw material containing Fe3+ and 0.3-50 w% of chemical raw material containing Ca2+. After the conditioning coagulant is added, under the combined actions of bridging effect, charge neutrality effect and dehydration effect of the polymeric flocculant and chemical raw materials containing Fe3+ and Ca2+, colloidal particle charges of the sludge are neutralized, the specific impedance of the sludge is reduced, and water in the sludge is removed, so that the solid content in the dehydrated filter cakes is increased. The invention has the advantages of small addition amount and low cost. After the sludge is dehydrated, the water content is reduced below 65%, and the combustion heat value of the dry sludge is reduced by less than 10%. The dehydrated sludge cakes are especially suitable for anhydration and incineration treatment of the sludge.

The invention provides a cationic composite flocculating agent and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises steps of (1) preparing a polymerized iron sulfate solution; (2) preparing slaked poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride; (3) mixing the slaked poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and the polymerized iron sulfate solution in a mass ratio of 5-10:100, stirring and dissolving in a reaction kettle; carrying out polymerization under a condition of 30-40 DEG C for 40-60 min to obtain the cationic composite flocculating agent. The novel efficient cationic composite flocculating agent developed by the invention can increase surface charge of ferric salt flocculating agent and reinforce charge neutrality effect, thereby enhancing flocculation capability of polymerized iron sulfate, and is an important invention in the field of water treatment medicament. The product of the invention has low cost, no toxicity and environment friendliness, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and usage.

Disclosed are: an exhaust gas purification catalyst which is an inexpensive three-way catalyst, which contains a reduced amount of an expensive noble metal, particularly does not use Pt, and contains no expensive rare earth element, and which has the same level of catalytic activity as that of a conventional one; and a catalytic honey-comb structure for exhaust gas purification. Specifically disclosed are: an exhaust gas purification catalyst comprising (Λ) an oxide M(Co1-yFey)O3-δ [wherein M represents a combination of an element substantially selected from Ba and Sr; y represents a number of 0 to 1; and δ represents a value that is so defined as to satisfy the charge neutrality condition] carrying one or two noble metals selected from Pd and Rh and (B) active alumina carrying one or two noble metal selected from Pd and Rh; and a catalytic honey-comb structure for exhaust gas purification, which is produced by wash-coating the exhaust gas purification catalyst onto a ceramic- or metal-made honey-comb.

A composition of matter comprising anionic clay having the general formula [M2+1-xM3+x(OH)2]x+(x / n)An−.yH2O  (I) or [M1+M3+2(OH)6]1+(1 / n)An−.yH2O;  (II) where M1+ is a mono-valent metal; M2+ is a divalent metal; and M3+ is a trivalent metal; A is an inorganic or organic anion, chosen such that the rule of charge neutrality is obeyed; n is an integer; x is any rational number between 0 and 1; and y is any rational number between 0 and 10; where the anionic clay is in the form of particles having a volume weighted mean particle size diameter of less than 500 nm. Stable colloidal dispersions comprise such anionic clay particles having a volume weighted mean particle size diameter of less than 500 nm dispersed in a liquid medium. Method for preparing such stable colloidal dispersion of anionic clay particles comprises simultaneously bringing together salt solutions of M2+ and M3+ metals, or of M1+ and M3+ metals, and a base in a high shear mixing zone within a liquid dispersion medium in a particle precipitation vessel, and precipitating anionic clay particles having a volume weighted mean particle size diameter of less than 500 nm.

Materials are presented of the formula:Ax My Mizi O2-d, where A is sodium or a mixed alkali metal including sodium as a major constituent;x>0;M is a metal or germanium;y>0;Mi, for i=1, 2, 3 . . . n, is a transition metal or an alkali metal;zi≧0 for each i=1, 2, 3 . . . n;0<d≦0.5;the values of x, y, zi and d are such as to maintain charge neutrality; andthe values of x, y, zi and d are such that x+y+Σzi>2-d.The formula includes compounds that are oxygen deficient. Further the oxidation states may or may not be integers i.e. they may be whole numbers or fractions or a combination of whole numbers and fractions and may be averaged over different crystallographic sites in the material. Such materials are useful, for example, as electrode materials in rechargeable battery applications. Also presented is a method of preparing a compound having the formula Ax My Mizi O2-d.

Materials are presented of the formula: AxMyMiziO2−d, where A is sodium or a mixed alkali metal including sodium as a major constituent; x>0.5; M is a transition metal; y>0; Mi, for i=1, 2, 3 . . . n, is a metal or germanium; z1>0 zi≧0 for each i=2, 3 . . . n; 0<d≦̸0.5; the values of x, y, zi and d are such as to maintain charge neutrality; and the values of y, zi and d are such that y+&Sgr;zi>½(2−d). The formula includes compounds that are oxygen deficient. Further the oxidation states may or may not be integers i.e. they may be whole numbers or fractions or a combination of whole numbers and fractions and may be averaged over different crystallographic sites in the material. Such materials are useful, for example, as electrode materials in rechargeable battery applications.

An ion conductive intercalation membrane is useful to separate anode and cathode compartments in an electrochemical cell and provide ion transport between the anode and cathode compartments. The intercalation membrane does not receive and release electrons during operation of the electrochemical cell. An electric potential and current source is connected to an anode and a cathode disposed in respective anode and cathode compartments to cause oxidation and reduction reactions to occur at the anode and cathode, to cause electrons to flow through an external circuit coupled to the anode and cathode, and to cause ions to transport through the intercalation membrane to maintain charge neutrality within the electrochemical cell. The electrochemical cell operates at a current density greater than 25 mA / cm2 across the intercalation membrane.

The invention discloses a complex coagulant for advanced treatment of biochemical tail water, and its preparation method and application. The complex coagulant is characterized in that the complex coagulant is an inorganic polymer complex coagulant prepared form industrial waste or nonmetallic mineral materials as main materials under heating conditions through the processes of alkaline hydrolysis, acid leaching oxidation, hydrolyzation and polymerization; and the complex coagulant prepared by the preparation method contains 20 to 35% of silicon, 15 to 25% of aluminum, 6 to 11% of iron and 3 to 6% of boron. Compared with the prior arts, the preparation method has the advantages of easy acquirement of raw materials, simple process, and good economical efficiency and applicability. The inorganic polymer complex coagulant prepared by the preparation method has the advantages of good performances of adsorption and bridging, charge neutrality, bonding and gathering, and decoloration, big flocs, fast sedimentation velocity of flocs, and low use amount. The complex coagulant can be widely utilized for the field of wastewater treatment, and is especially suitable for advanced treatment ofbiochemical tail water.

Solid electrolytes, anodes and cathodes for SOFC. Doped BaCeO3 useful for solid electrolytes and anodes in SOFCs exhibiting chemical stability in the presence of CO2, water vapor or both and exhibiting proton conductivity sufficiently high for practical application. Proton-conducting metal oxides of formula Ba1−xSrxCe1−y1−y2−y3Zry1Gdy2Yy3O3−δ where x, y1, y2, and y3 are numbers as follows: x is 0.4 to 0.6; y1 is 0.1-0.5; y2 is 0.05 to 0.15, y3 is 0.05 to 0.15, and cathode materials of formula II GdPrBaCo2−zFezO5+δ where z is a number from 0 to 1, and δ is a number that varies such that the metal oxide compositions are charge neutral. Anodes, cathodes and solid electrolyte containing such materials. SOFC containing anodes, cathodes and solid electrolyte containing such materials.

The invention discloses a dust prevention device based on electromagnetic shielding. The dust prevention device comprises a dust prevention frame body fixed to a frame body of a color sorter; a dust prevention glass plate is fixed to the dust prevention frame body; and one surface of the dust prevention frame body directly faces a detection lens of a detection device of the color sorter, and a charge pump is fixed to the other surface of the dust prevention glass plate. The dust prevention glass plate is arranged on the end face of the detection lens, the charge pump is fixed to the dust prevention glass plate, the periphery of the glass plate is positively charged through the effect of the charge pump, positively-charged dust cannot adhere to the glass plate because two like polarities repel each other, negatively-charged dust falls directly because of charge neutrality, accordingly dust prevention of a detection element of the color sorter is achieved, and the color sorting quality and efficiency are improved; and meanwhile, frequent dust clearing is avoided, so that labor intensity is reduced, and the service life of the color sorter is prolonged.

The invention relates to a two-stage sludge reflux enhanced coagulation technology, characterized in that: a two-stage serial coagulation technology is adopted to allow the partial precipitated fresh sludge of stage-2 coagulation to return to stage-1 coagulation with a certain reflux ratio. Compared with the traditional coagulation method, the technology disclosed herein can better utilize the effects of a coagulant in charge neutrality, net capturing, enmeshment, and physical absorption, remove particles with smaller particle sizes, increase the sedimentation rate of floc particles, reduce the addition quantity of the coagulant, increase the coagulation effect, and enhance the operation stability of the system. The technology can be widely applied in water supply and waste water treatment.

The invention provides a manufacturing technique of multiple ion complexing coagulant of overbasification polymerization, which comprises the following steps: adding aluminum hydroxide and hydrochloric acid in proportion into autoclave, reacting for 1-3 hours with the condition of 100-200 DEG C, 0.10-0.4Mpa, adding water and calcium aluminate powder in proportion, when reaction feed liquid becomes viscous, diluting it with water until it isn't viscous, keep on reacting, when becoming viscous again, adding water again for dilution until it doesn't become viscous any more, finally, adding surplus water into feed liquid one time, to get the product at the end of reaction. By controlling indexes such as temperature, viscosity to make it reach to optimum state of polymerization, it has special configuration state. It not only has the merits of strong adsorption charge neutrality, coagulation, binding bridging, avoiding adjusting PH values of overbasification coagulant, but also compared with other coagulant, it obviously improves the quality of water outlet, and decreases cost of expenses.

The present invention relates to indole compounds represented by the following general formula (I). In the formula, R1 and R2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group with 1 to 30 carbon atoms or a substituent represented by the following general formula (II), and R3 and R4 independently represent a hydrocarbon group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms. An alkyl group, an alkoxy group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an aryl group with 6 to 30 carbon atoms, R5, R6, R7 and R8 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group with 1 to 30 carbon atoms, Halogen atom, hydroxyl group, nitro group, cyano group, NHR or NR'R", R, R' and R" independently represent an alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R' and R" can be connected to each other to form a ring , R5 and R6, R6 and R7, R7 and R8 can also be connected to each other to form a ring. Anq- represents the anion of q valence, q represents 1 or 2, and p represents the coefficient to keep the charge neutral.

In an implantable medical device, in particular an implantable heart-stimulation device, and a method for operating an implantable heart-stimulation device and a heart-stimulation system, stimulation pulses are delivered via a number of stimulation channels to selected sites on or about a patient's heart via electrodes, and wherein coupling capacitors included in the stimulation channels are subsequently discharged through a sequence of temporally non-overlapping partial discharges of the respective coupling capacitors. By this configuration, the risk of charge neutrality of a stimulation channel not being maintained at the end of a stimulation sequence, comprising the delivery of stimulation pulses via stimulation channels, is reduced or eliminated.

The invention provides a liquid crystal display panel. One second thin film transistor is added in a scanning line between two adjacent first thin film transistors in a scanning line in each odd-numbered row or a scanning line in an even-numbered row. A source electrode and a leak electrode of a second thin film transistor in the nth row are respectively and electrically connected to pixel electrodes which are electrically connected with thin film transistors in the n+1 row and the n+2 row. The pixel electrodes are electrically connected with the second thin film transistor and the thin film transistors. Before the pixel electrodes are charged, charge neutrality is carried out on the pixel electrodes by the second thin film transistor such that voltage required by the pixel electrodes is lowered. The pixel electrodes are electrically connected to the thin film transistors and the second thin film transistor. Therefore, the liquid crystal panel is charged in the short time, thereby improving image quality and reliability of the liquid crystal panel.