In an embodiment, provided is a
loudspeaker including a port tube having at least one flared exit designed by a process for optimizing port tube design parameters. The optimization process may include: receiving, by a processor, port tube design parameters for the
loudspeaker; predicting, by the processor, pressure and pressure gradients by performing a numerical
simulation process based on the port tube design parameters; determining, by the processor, a measure of shear within the port tube and at exits of the port tube based on the predicted pressure and pressure gradients; and until the measure of shear is minimized, updating, by the processor, the port tube design parameters, and sequentially repeating performing the numerical
simulation process and the determining of the measure of shear.