The invention provides a composite material substation structure. The composite material substation structure comprises herringbone columns, cross beams, ground wire columns, diagonal draw bars, wire hanging tube clamps, lightning rods, lightning conductors and crawling ladder assemblies, wherein ground wire column connectors are arranged on the tops of the herringbone columns, and cross beam connectors are arranged on the two sides of the herringbone columns; one ground wire column is mounted on the top of each herringbone column; one cross beam is connected between the two herringbone columns; the tops of the ground wire columns are connected with the wire hanging tube clamps in the middle parts of the cross beams through the diagonal draw bars; one or more cable-stayed structural gantry frames are formed; the wire hanging tube clamps mounted on the cross beams serve as wire hanging point connectors, the wire hanging tube clamps are made of rolled steel, aluminum alloy or a non-metallic composite material, and the herringbone columns, the cross beams, the ground wire columns, the diagonal draw bars and the crawling ladders are made of non-metallic composite materials; insulators are shortened through the structure, the height and width of the structure are reduced, and thus the floor area is reduced, and the lightning protection and earthquake prevention effects are improved; meanwhile, the land expropriation cost of an engineering project can be reduced, the reliability of safe operation is improved, and the resources are saved.