The invention discloses a gear-ring-unwinding high-speed counter-current chromatograph. The gear-ring-unwinding high-speed counter-current chromatograph comprises an upper plate, a middle plate and a lower plate, wherein an unwinding gear ring coaxial with the middle plate is fixed above the middle plate, the lower plate is driven to rotate through a drive shaft, the unwinding gear ring is fixed, the teeth of the unwinding gear ring are distributed on the inner ring of the unwinding gear, multiple groups of gears which mesh with the inner ring of the unwinding gear ring are arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner ring of the unwinding gear ring, gears of adjacent groups do not mesh with one another, each group of gears comprises two gears which mesh with each other, one gear of each group of gears drives one separation column, the other gear of each group of gears drives one unwinding shaft, each separation column is mounted on a separation shaft, the upper ends of each unwinding shaft and each separation shaft are connected with the upper plate, and the lower ends of each unwinding shaft and each separation shaft are connected with the middle plate; each unwinding shaft and each separation column rotate along with a rotation support; a liquid inlet pipe penetrates the central shafts of the upper plate and the middle plate and is serially connected with liquid conveying pipes of multiple groups of separation columns and unwinding shafts, and liquid finally is discharged from a liquid outlet pipe.