Technical method for high-efficient breeding of wheat
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A wheat and high-efficiency technology, applied in the field of crop breeding, can solve the problems of fertilizer and water utilization rate to be improved, low breeding efficiency, and long winter wheat breeding cycle, so as to speed up the selection and promotion of varieties, improve the effect of selection and identification, The effect of shortening the breeding cycle
Inactive Publication Date: 2010-03-31
天津市农作物研究所
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Problems solved by technology
The disease resistance (especially powdery mildew) of the main plant species is not strong enough, resulting in the application of a large amount of pesticides, and the utilization rate of fertilizer and water needs to be improved
Effective breeding methods such as shuttle breeding and multi-point identification have not been really implemented in China, and the adaptability of the bred varieties is poor
Generally speaking, the breeding cycle of winter wheat is long, and the selection accuracy is not high
In terms of organizational form, breeding units are fighting on their own, and different disciplines lack effective collaboration, resulting in low breeding efficiency and weak overall competitiveness
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Embodiment 1
[0030] (1) Low-temperature vernalization: The seeds of strong winter wheat 20 days after flowering were treated with 1% hydrogen peroxide for 20 hours, rinsed with pure water for 3 times, germinated at room temperature, and placed in a cultivation pot filled with moist footstones for about 20 hours. Seedlings emerged in 1 day, and when the seedlings grew to 2cm, they were placed in an artificial climate chamber, the temperature was set at 4°C, and the relative humidity was 75%, and the green bodies were vernalized for 45 days at light intensity 15001x (light during the day, dark treatment at night);
[0031] (2) Southern propagation and generation: After the winter wheat seedlings treated by vernalization have been trained at room temperature for 2 days, they are airlifted to the southern propagation base in an insulated box; Transplant on the mud at dusk;
[0032] (3) Shuttle breeding: according to the breeding objectives, select different ecological regions in a targeted man...
Embodiment 2
[0034] Embodiment 2: New Variety Breeding and Demonstration
[0035] (1) Breeding of new varieties: parent source and selection process
[0036] Parent source:
[0037] Female parent (8901-11-14): Plant height 80cm, long awn, white grain, hard, perennial 1000-grain weight about 38 grams, quality is strong gluten type.
[0038] Table 1: 8901-11-14 Quality Index
[0039]
[0040] Note: The "*" data in Table 1 comes from the quality analysis results of 8901 by Dacheng Food Co., Ltd. in 2002;
[0041] Male parent (Aizao No. 1): plant height about 66cm, white grains, long awns, 1000-grain weight 41 grams, maturity period is 2 days earlier than Jingdong No. 8, and the quality is of weak gluten type.
[0042] With 8901-11-14 as the female parent and Aizao 1 as the male parent, chemical male killing was carried out to prepare a hybrid combination, and a new medium-gluten winter wheat variety Jin 0343 was bred by using the mixed pedigree method for 6 years.
[0043] (2) Quality ...
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Abstract
The invention relates to a technical method for high-efficient breeding of wheat, which comprises low-temperature vernalization, south breeding and generation adding, shuttle breeding, multi-point combined identification and the like. In particular, the technical method comprises the following steps of: treating the seeds obtained after the strong-winterness wheat blossoms for 15 to 20 days by hydrogen peroxide, washing the seeds by pure water, sprouting the seeds at the room temperature, putting the seedlings growing to 1 to 2 centimeters in an artificial weather room, performing the green-body vernalization of the seedlings for 45 and 50 days at a temperature of between 3 and 5 DEG C and a relative humidity of 70 percent and under a light intensity of 15001x; hardening the seedlings of the winter wheat undergoing the vernalization treatment at the normal temperature for 1 to 2 days, and transporting the seedlings to Yuanmou in Yunnan province; and preparing a rice seedling bed, watering and soaking the rice seedling bed, discharging visible water before transplanting, and transplanting the seedlings in mud at dusk. The disease resistance, stress resistance, adaptability and yieldstability selections of breeding materials are carried out by shuttle breeding and multi-point combined identification and the like. The technical method for breeding provides rich reserve of raw materials for the rapid improvement of the wheat variety, and also lays a sold foundation for demonstration and popularization of a new variety in large areas.
Description
technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop selection and breeding, in particular to a method for cultivating high-quality, high-yield and multi-resistant new wheat varieties by adopting high-efficiency wheat breeding technology. Background technique: [0002] Most countries in the world regard the breeding of new varieties and the industrialization of seeds as the focus of the development of the wheat industry. According to changes in market demand, developed countries always put the breeding of high-quality special varieties at the top of the list to ensure their advantages in the international market , and strive to make new breakthroughs in breeding materials, methods and theoretical research. The scale of breeding is expanding day by day, the conditions of the greenhouse are good, the mechanization of field operations, off-site multigeneration, shuttle breeding, multi-point identification and early generation quality testing have been wid...
Claims
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