The invention discloses a waterborne wear-resistant and scraping-resistant surface treating agent for artificial leather and synthetic leather. The waterborne wear-resistant and scraping-resistant surface treating agent is prepared from, by weight, 50-60 parts of waterborne polyurethane, 30-40 parts of water, 0.03-0.06 part of graphene or oxidized graphene modifier, 2-6 parts of extinction powder, 0.5-1 part of organosilicone flatting agent, 1-1.5 parts of organosilicone coupling agents, 2.0-5.0 parts of hand feeling modifier and 0.5-1.0 part of waterborne thickening agent. The wear resistance, scraping resistance static electricity resistance, ageing resistance, self-cleaning performance and other performance of artificial leather and synthetic leather coatings are greatly improved through the lubricating property, high transparency, electrical conductivity, bacterium resistance, mildew resistance, UV resistance and other characteristics of graphene, and therefore the grade and international market competitiveness of artificial leather and synthetic leather are improved. In addition, traditional solvent type polyurethane is replaced by waterborne polyurethane, and therefore organic solvent resources are saved, organic pollution is eliminated from sources, potential safety hazards are eliminated, and the employment environment of workers is improved. The VOC content in finished leather is lower than 5 mg/kg (leather), and the waterborne wear-resistant and scraping-resistant surface treating agent is ecological and environmentally friendly and conforms to the requirements for ecological synthetic leather of European Union.