The present invention relates to a high-speed rail vertical damper and vehicle body end part longitudinal damper damping coefficient collaborative optimization method, and belongs to the technical field of high-speed railway vehicle suspension technology. A high-speed rail complete vehicle six degree-of-freedom vertical vibration collaborative optimization simulation model is established, track longitudinal irregularity is used as an input stimulus, minimization of a root mean square value of weighed vibration acceleration is the design object, and optimal damping coefficients of primary vertical, secondary vertical and vehicle body end part longitudinal dampers of a high-speed rail are obtained through design optimization. Through design examples and SIMPACK simulation verification, damping coefficients of the primary vertical, secondary vertical and vehicle body end part longitudinal dampers can be accurately and reliably obtained through the method, and a reliable design method is provided for the design of the damping coefficients of the primary vertical, secondary vertical and vehicle body end part longitudinal dampers. By using the method, the design level of a high-speed railway suspension system is raised, vehicle travelling safety and stability are raised, and design and testing expenses are also reduced.