The invention provides a quick peanut propagation method, which comprises the following steps of: (1) preparation before sowing: selecting a plot convenient for drainage and irrigation and fertile, deeply tilling the plot before winter, deeply turning the plot in the first ten days of next March, applying a base fertilizer, ridging, raking the ridge surface, forming two ditches on the ridge surface, watering, raking, spraying herbicide, and covering a film to increase the temperature; (2) sowing of a first season: drilling holes for sowing on the original two ditch lines of the ridge surface in the middle ten days of March, sowing single seeds, releasing seedlings in time when the seedlings just come out of the soil in the last ten days of March, harvesting and drying the peanut serving as seeds of a second season when the peanut is 80 percent mature in the last or middle ten days of June; and (3) sowing of the second season: covering a film for cultivating the peanut from the last ten days of June to the first ten days of July in a plot where wheat is just harvested, sowing the seeds in the same mode as that in the first season, and harvesting and drying the peanut in the first or middle ten days of October. The propagation coefficient of the peanut seeds can reach over 50 times, and is improved by 250 percent compared with a traditional method; and the method has remarkable economic benefit and social benefit.