The invention discloses an SAR target identification method based on feature dimension reduction, and relates to research on a target identification method in SAR image automatic target identification. The method includes the steps that firstly, an SAR training image set is preprocessed, and a training sample set is established; secondly, a linear model is established for the training sample set, an optimal dimension reduction matrix is acquired, dimension reduction is conducted on the training sample set, a dimension-reduced training sample set is obtained, and a probability density function of the dimension-reduced training sample set is acquired; thirdly, SAR test images are preprocessed, and test samples are established; fourthly, dimension reduction is conducted on the test samples through the optimal dimension reduction matrix, dimension-reduced test samples are obtained, the likelihood probability of the dimension-reduced test samples is acquired, and the dimension-reduced test samples are identified through a Bayes classifier. The method mainly achieves the purpose of SAR target identification under the small sample condition, compared with the prior art, the identification performance of the method is obviously improved, and the method can be used for SAR target identification.